The use of experimental design and response surface methodologies for the synthesis of chemically activated carbons produced from bamboo

Optimization Conditions of the Preparation of Activated Carbon Based Egusi (<i>Cucumeropsis mannii</i> Naudin) Seed Shells for Nitrate Ions Removal from Wastewater

“…The recent focus has been the use of low cost precursors from agricultural (biomass) and industrial waste as precursors to prepare activated carbons [8] [9] [10] [11]. Examples include date stone [12], oil palm shell [13], sewage sludge [14], Fox nut shell [15], cola nut shell [16], cherry stone [17], tomato processing waste [18] crab shell [19], bamboo [20], and coconut shell [21].…”

“…Physical activation involves two steps: carbonization and activation at high temperature (600˚C -1200˚C) in presence of activating agents such as steam and/or CO 2 [8] [22]. Chemical activation is performed in single step, by impregnating the precursor with oxidizing reagents such as KOH, ZnCl 2 , H 3 PO 4 , or K 2 HPO 4 and carbonizing at a lower temperature range (400˚C -700˚C), followed by extensively washing to remove excess activating agent [8] [10] [20]. Physicochemical activation is a combination of physical and chemical activation [13] [22].…”

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from biomass material – giant knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis)

“…These can be industrial wastes, such as by-products of the petroleum industry [8], used tires [9] and polymer resins [10,11]; biomass waste, i.e. agricultural residues [13][14][15], cones [16,17], bamboo waste [18][19][20], saw dust [21]; or food-processing wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse [22]. Such approaches improve the utilization, recovery and reuse of waste and reduce the cost of the final product [23].…”

Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution using Porous Biochar Obtained by KOH Activation of Peanut Shell Biochar

“…The removal abilities of the sorbents mainly have depended on the preparation conditions as well as the characteristics of the precursor (Omri et al 2013). Recently some studies focusing on the preparation of activated biochar from agricultural byproducts have been reported, such as wool wastes (Gao et al 2013), chestnut shell (Hu et al 2012), sugarcane leaves , rice husk (Liao et al 2011;Liu et al 2012), fruit shell (Tongpoothorn et al 2011), peanut hull (Zhong et al 2012), and bamboo (González et al 2014), which have been identified as economic sources for the preparation of activated biochars with the advantage of mitigating environmental pollution. Physical activation usually requires a high activated temperature and a long activation time.…”