The use of ductile iron for wheel loader bucket tips

Dommarco, Ricardo; Galarreta, I; Ortiz, H.; David, Patrick; Maglieri, G

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(01)00531-2

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The optimum performance of ADI under different wear mechanisms such as rolling contact fatigue, adhesion and abrasion [1][2][3] has also been widely recognized. On the other hand, completely ausferritic matrices have proved to behave in a different manner under abrasive conditions, depending on the tribosystem (low or high stress abrasion), though always ensuring a good performance in service if the heat treatment parameters are properly selected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, completely ausferritic matrices have proved to behave in a different manner under abrasive conditions, depending on the tribosystem (low or high stress abrasion), though always ensuring a good performance in service if the heat treatment parameters are properly selected. 2) Some parts made of gray or ductile irons, either with or without heat treatment, are used for abrasive environments, reinforcing the microstructure with free carbides. Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) constitutes a new type of material recently introduced in the market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Chemical Composition and Solidification Rate on the Abrasion and Impact Properties of CADI

2009

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The use of CADI, a variant of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) containing free carbides, is on the increase thanks to its excellent combination of high abrasion resistance and good impact toughness, when compared to other materials with similar wear resistance.The present work focuses on the study of two CADI variants in which carbides were obtained by a combination of alloying elements and the effect of a cooper chill located in the mould.A detailed microstructural characterization of the material was made; and the content and composition of the carbides as well as their stability during the heat treatment were particularly studied. The abrasion wear resistance was evaluated by testing under the ASTM G 65 standard, and comparing the relative wear resistance of samples taken just beside the cooper chill up to locations where the chill did not affect the solidification rate. The relative wear resistance, determined by using ADI as a reference material, ranged from EϷ3 to EϷ2 for samples taken from the different locations, close and far to the chill, respectively. For samples taken from the same locations, the impact toughness ranged from 6.5 to 10 J, respectively. The results allow establishing a relationship between the solidification rate, the microstructure and the mechanical properties, thereby enabling to predict their effect on current applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Chemical Composition and Solidification Rate on the Abrasion and Impact Properties of CADI

2009

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“…15) Nevertheless, it has also been reported that the wear behavior of ADI depends on the retained austenite content, though whether it will be beneficial or not, depends on the tribosystem. 16) In a previous work 17) the authors reported that, unlike the common understanding, as austempering temperature increases and hardness decreases, the resistance to abrasion of ADI bucket tips increases, reaching higher values than those obtained for Q&T steel used as reference material. This behavior was detected for high stress abrasion as determined by the wear scar analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Influence of Austempering Temperature on the Wear Resistance of Ductile Iron under Two Different Tribosystems

2009

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This paper reports the results obtained in a research conducted to evaluate austempered ductile iron (ADI) as a wear resistant material for the production of machine parts processed at intermediate and high austempering temperatures (Ta). Severe abrasion in actual service performance trials and low stress abrasion laboratory tests (ASTM G-65) were carried out along with microstructural characterization by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results derived show that ADI yields excellent abrasion resistance under the operating conditions resulting from the field tests when Ta is raised. Nevertheless, ADI show an opposite trend under the low stress abrasion conditions imposed by the dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion apparatus (ASTM G-65). The presence of a metastable and ductile ausferrite phase (reacted and unreacted austeniteϩferrite) in ADI microstructure appears to be the most relevant factor influencing the performance observed. In addition to a high deformation capability detected at the wear surfaces, an austenite to martensite transformation took place as determined by X-ray diffraction. These two factors combined make the ausferritic microstructure overcome hardness reduction when the austempering temperature is raised, improving or sustaining the resistance to severe abrasive wear but, at the same time, increasing impact toughness.

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“…3,4) Results have demonstrated that, while abrasion resistance increases with hardness in low stress laboratory tests, this trend reverses in high stress field trials. This behavior was attributed to the high strain capability of austenite along with the higher retained austenite content as Ta increases.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Additionally, ADI variants have proved to behave in a different manner under abrasive conditions, depending on the tribosystem (two-or three-body abrasion, low or high stress abrasion), though ensuring, at all times, a good performance in service, provided heat treatment parameters are properly selected. 3,4) Some researchers 5,6) have evaluated ADI abrasion resistance over a wide range of austempering temperatures (TaϷ220-360°C) in laboratory tests, and reported that the highest wear resistance is obtained from the hardest variants, i.e., from the lowest Ta. Others 7,8) have also noticed, in laboratory as well as in field wear tests, that the abrasion resistance of ADI soil ploughing tools increases as Ta decreases, though never exceeding the wear resistance of hardfaced steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%