The use of distinct disciplines to investigate past earthquakes

Caputo, Riccardo; Helly, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.05.007

Cited by 54 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Greater resilience was to be found in communities frequently exposed to natural hazard and who then evolved more sophisticated coping skills and organisational accomplishments. This has been noted previously in regions prone to flooding (Mauelshagen 2007) and among so-called 'seismic cultures' with long experience of earthquake damage (Caputo and Helly 2008). However, different sections of society also adjusted differently.…”

Section: Complexity and Natural Hazards In Medieval Timessupporting

confidence: 55%

A risk society? Environmental hazards, risk and resilience in the later Middle Ages in Europe

Gerrard

Petley

2013

Nat Hazards

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Modern society is said to have restructured in reaction to contemporary hazards with the aim of improving its management of risk. This implies that pre-industrial societies were somehow fundamentally different. In this paper, we challenge that hypothesis by examining the ways in which risks associated with environmental hazards were managed and mitigated during the Middle Ages (defined here as the period from 1000 to 1550 AD). Beginning with a review of the many case studies of rapid onset disasters across Europe, we draw upon both historical and archaeological evidence and architectural assessments of structural damage for what is a pre-instrumental period. Building upon this, the second part of the paper explores individual outlooks on risk, emphasising the diversity of popular belief and the central importance of Christianity in framing attitudes. Despite their religious perspectives, we find that medieval communities were not helpless in the face of serious environmental hazards. We argue instead that the response of society to these threats was frequently complex, considered and, at times, surprisingly modern.

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Section: Complexity and Natural Hazards In Medieval Timessupporting

confidence: 55%

A risk society? Environmental hazards, risk and resilience in the later Middle Ages in Europe

Gerrard

Petley

2013

Nat Hazards

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“…De Rossi 1874;Evans 1928). Later on scientists began to use some archaeological information to improve the knowledge about ancient earthquakes and to study seismogenic reasons as a possible cause for the destruction and abandonment of settlements (Nikonov 1988(Nikonov , 1996Stiros and Jones 1996;Korjenkov and Mazor 1999;Galadini et al 2006a,b;Caputo and Helly 2008). For a long time different perspectives hampered the development of an archaeoseismological methodology (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative archaeoseismological investigation of the Great Theatre of Larissa, Greece

Caputo

Hinzen

Liberatore

et al. 2010

Bull Earthquake Eng

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Larissa, the capital of Thessaly, is located in the eastern part of Central Greece, at the southern border of a Late Quarternary graben, the Tyrnavos Basin. Palaeoseismological, morphotectonic, and geophysical investigations as well as historical and instrumental records show evidences for seismic activity in this area. Previous investigations documented the occurrence of several moderate to strong earthquakes during Holocene time on active faults with recurrence intervals of a few thousand years. The historical and instrumental records suggest a period of seismic quiescence during the last 400 to 500 years. The present archaeoseismological research, based on a multidisciplinary approach is devoted to improve the knowledge on past earthquakes, which occurred in the area. This study focuses on damages observed on the walls of the scene building of the Great Theatre of Larissa. The Theatre was built at the beginning of the 3rd century BC and consists of a semicircular auditorium, an almost circular arena and a main scene building. Archaeological and historical investigations document a partial destruction of the theatre during the 2nd-1st century BC. Recent excavations show that the building complex after it was repaired suffered additional structural damages, probably from seismic loading. The damages investigated in detail are displacements, rotations and ruptures of numerous blocks at the walls of the scene building. In order to test the earthquake hypothesis as cause of the damages a simplified seismotectonic model of the Tyrnavos Basin and its surroundings was used with a composite earthquake source model to calculate synthetic seismograms at the Larissa site for various earthquake scenarios. Horizontal to vertical seismic ratio (HVSR) measurements in the theatre and its vicinity were used to estimate local site effects. The synthetic seismograms are then used as input accelerations for a finite element model of the walls, which simulates seismically induced in-plane sliding within the walls. Results show that some of the surrounding faults have the potential to produce seismic ground motion that can induce in-plane sliding of blocks. Model calculations were used to constrain the characteristics of the ground acceleration and infer the causative fault and earthquake by comparing the calculated and observed distribution of the displacements of the blocks. Ground motions with a PGA at the site of 0.62-0.82 g, which could be induced by an M 5.8-6.0 earthquake on the nearby Larissa Fault, would be sufficient to explain the damage

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“…The distinction between the two types of sources of information is not just a terminological matter but mainly a methodological one implying that the investigation tools used in the two cases are generally different (Caputo and Helly, 2008). Indeed, single-event effects are inherently associated with the reactivation of a fault that took place mainly in historical and/or instrumental times, for which all observations focus on, and are limited to, the specific coseismic effects and associated features.…”

Section: Two Different Sources Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between single-event effects and cumulative effects for the purpose of seismic hazard assessment. A review from Greece

Caputo

Sboras

Pavlides

et al. 2015

Earth-Science Reviews

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The use of distinct disciplines to investigate past earthquakes

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

A risk society? Environmental hazards, risk and resilience in the later Middle Ages in Europe

A risk society? Environmental hazards, risk and resilience in the later Middle Ages in Europe

Quantitative archaeoseismological investigation of the Great Theatre of Larissa, Greece

Comparison between single-event effects and cumulative effects for the purpose of seismic hazard assessment. A review from Greece

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