The Use of Differential Reinforcement to Decrease the Inappropriate Verbalizations of a Nine-Year-Old Girl with Autism

Abstract

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to decrease the number of talk-outs displayed

A cross‐national review of evidence‐based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and United States

“…Four studies took place in mainstream schools (Bellini, Akuuian, & Hopf, ; Hanley‐Hochdorfer, Bray, Kehle, & Elinoff, ; Greig & MacKay, ; Wilkinson, ), one in mainstream and special schools (Barrow & Hannah, ), four in a special educational classroom within a mainstream school (Carlson, Mclaughlin, Derby, & Blecher, ; Martin, Drasgow, Halle, & Brucker, ; Thompson, McLaughlin, & Derby, ; Wilczynski, Fusilier, Dubard, & Elliott, ), and three took place in special education and general education classrooms (Grey, Bruton, Honan, McGuinness, & Daly, ; Nicholson, Kehle, Bray, & Van Heest, ; Reisener, Lancaster, McMullin, & Ho, ).…”

“…Six of the interventions were delivered by the researchers (Barrow & Hannah, ; Carlson et al., ; Greig & MacKay, ; Martin et al., ; Nicholson et al., ; Thompson et al., ), five were delivered by school‐based staff (Bellini et al., ; Grey et al., ; Hanley‐Hochdorfer et al., ; Reisener et al., ; Wilczynski et al., ), and one was a self‐management intervention that was self‐delivered by the student (Wilkinson, ). In relation to outcome areas, researchers delivered all of the interventions addressing communication outcomes; teachers delivered all of those addressing social outcomes and there was an even split between researchers and teachers delivering academic and multiple outcomes.…”

“…It is disappointing that none of the studies included in this review were considered to be of high/strong quality. Five studies were evaluated as being of medium/adequate quality (Barrow & Hannah, ; Bellini et al., ; Thompson et al., ; Wilczynski et al., ; Wilkinson, ) and seven were evaluated as being of low/weak quality (Carlson et al., ; Greig & MacKay, ; Grey et al., ; Hanley‐Hochdorfer et al., ; Martin et al., ; Nicholson et al., ; Reisener et al., ).…”

“…Differential reinforcement was used by Thompson et al. () to reduce the number of inappropriate verbalizations of a 9‐year‐old student. A visual analysis of the data shows that the frequency of talk‐outs reduced across all settings; however, the demonstrated reduction in talk‐outs seemed to be context specific.…”

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Okul Öncesi Çocuklarının Kaynaştırma/Bütünleştirme Ortamlarına Uygulamalı Davranış Analizinden Yansımalar

“…Uygulama ortamlarında oldukça sık kullanılan kanıt temelli bu yöntemin özel gereksinimli bireylerde davranış sorunlarıyla başetmede ve olumlu davranışlar kazandırmada etkililiğini gösteren pek çok araştırma söz konudur (örneğin; Buckley ve Newchok, 2005;Dixon, Benedict ve Larson, 2000;Shabani, Wilder ve Flood, 2001;Thompson, McLaughlin ve Derby, 2011). Bu araştırmalar arasında okul öncesi dönemdeki OSB olan çocuklarla yürütülmüş araştırmalar da bulunmaktadır.…”