The Use of Different Commercial Mineral Water Brands to Produce Oil-In-Water Nanoemulsions

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are submicron-size colloidal systems that have the ability to encapsulate, protect, and deliver active ingredients. They have been used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries to improve the absorption of drugs by the skin or via the gastrointestinal tract, aide in food conservation, and treat skin problems. To proper formulate a nanoemulsion, it is important to know the characteristics of its components (aqueous and oil phases, surfactants and additives), as well as the influence on the production method that will be used. This study investigates the influence of aqueous phase composition, stability and particle size in an oil-and-water nanoemulsion formation. By using a low energy method, the purified water was exchanged for different commercial mineral water and saline solutions, and the results of stability, particle size, pH and conductivity tests, were compared. These results show that the minerals present in commercial waters may alter the particle size, pH and conductivity values of nanoemulsions, as well as their stability.

Optimization and Bioactive Properties of Nanoemulsion Formulated with Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Seed Oil and Aloe vera (Barbadensis miller Stockton) Gel

“…The zeta potential value for all nanoemulsion groups exhibited relatively low values (HA1; −4.89±0.12, HA2; −4.82±0.19, HA3; −4.53±0.85, HA4; −5.09±1.54, HA5; −4.73±0.22, HA6; −4.17±0.14, HA7; −4.96±0.31, HA8; −4.20±0.31, HA9; −4.02±0.14 mV). It has been reported in other studies that the low zeta potential value depends on the use of cationic, anionic, or non‐ionic adsorbed surfactants around them, and our study results are similar [52] …”

“…It has been reported in other studies that the low zeta potential value depends on the use of cationic, anionic, or non-ionic adsorbed surfactants around them, and our study results are similar. [52]…”

Preparation and Characterization of a Topical Delivery System for Nanoemulsions Using a Composite Film of Pectin and Tapioca

“…The films were immersed in NE and taken to a desiccator, with controlled temperature and humidity, for a period of 27 h. The samples were weighed before the test and in time intervals of 13, 17, 21, 23 and 27 h to verify if the film would absorb the NE (in triplicate). The swelling of the films was calculated using Equation (3).…”

“…In the quest for radiant and healthy skin, proper hydration and protection against environmental aggressions are critical points [1,2]. One of the application systems of interest in the cosmetic field is nanoemulsion (NE), due to its characteristics such as kinetic stability and the inherent ability to facilitate the optimal absorption of active ingredients by the skin [3]. Vegetable oils are prized in cosmetics for their natural, nourishing, and versatile properties, natural-emollient nature, nourishing properties and easy absorption by the skin, making them a preferred choice for both skincare enthusiasts and manufacturers in the beauty industry.…”