The use of cytopathology to identify disturbances in oral squamous cell carcinoma at early stage: A case report

Abstract

Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a challenge for oral surgeons, as clinical features are not always classical. Cytopathological assays can help identify alterations at the cellular level. This article reports a case of OSCC in a young male adult without exposure to classical risk factors. The histopathological examination showed a micro invasive carcinoma invading the connective tissue. Cytopathological results showed a higher percentage of cells in deeper epithelial layers; the cytomorphometric examination revealed a nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of 0.14; the mean number of Nucleolar Organiser Regions which have a high affinity for silver (AgNOR) per nucleus was 2.86, and the mean percentage of nuclei with >2 AgNOR was 58%. The micronucleus test found 3 micronucleated cells and several metanuclear aberrations. These findings support the hypothesis that cytological examination is an important tool to identify early changes in oral smears and thus help in the early clinical detection of suspicious malignant oral lesions that should be more rigorously followed.

The peculiar genetics of the ribosomal DNA blurs the boundaries of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance

“…Similarly, we have found that breast cancer tumor tissue possesses less rDNA than the marginal cells adjacent to the tumor (Valori and Maggert, unpublished). Mitotic rDNA loss may prefigure cells with an increased risk of defect leading to disease (e.g., Daroit et al 2018), and rDNA copy number polymorphisms may predispose individuals to such diseases. Conditions that aggravate the rate of mitotic loss -stress, diet, mutation -would be expected to aggravate the risk to disease (Roche et al 2017;Salim et al 2017;Wang and Lemos 2017;Chen et al 2018;Lindstrom et al 2018).…”

DNA content abnormality in oral submucous fibrosis concomitant leukoplakia: A preliminary evaluation of the diagnostic and clinical implications

“…The diagnostic techniques based on minimally invasive cytology for intraoperative assessment are potential adjunctive tools. 11,12 Our previous studies reported that 41.5%-48.6% of patients with OLK were identified as DNA content abnormality using oral brushings, which significantly correlated with high-grade dysplasia and clinical staging of OLK. 8,9 As per the cytobrush procedure described previously, 8,9 the results of this study revealed that cytobrush epithelia of OSF only was not presence of DNA content abnormality determined by ICM.…”

“…Therefore, adjunctive objective diagnostic techniques are required to early detect indicator of high‐risk premalignant and malignant transformation within OSF and contribute to surveillance of OSF progression. The diagnostic techniques based on minimally invasive cytology for intraoperative assessment are potential adjunctive tools 11,12 …”

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with Vitiligo: A Case Report

“…Therefore, dentists should evaluate lesions that do not heal within two weeks of removal of etiological grounds or irritation factors in terms of malignancy [40]. OSCC prevention is based on the identification in early stages, and a de-finitive diagnosis can only be made after a biopsy and histopathological examination is conducted [41]. The morbidity and mortality rates associated with this malignant pathology significantly improve with early diagnosis [42,43].…”