“…Specific growth rates of gilthead seabream in antifouling treated (TNN +AF ) and copper alloy mesh (CAM) pens (a) and SGR relative to the control group with non-antifouling treated polymer net (TNN -AF ) (b). Specific growth rate (SGR, % growth/day) = ((lnW final -lnW initial )/(t 2 -t 1 ) x 100 Relative SGR (RSGR) = SGR x 100 / SGR nets leading to depressed dissolved oxygen concentrations inside the pens, affecting fish welfare due to a possibly increased stress environment (Brooks & Mahnken, 2003;Braithwaite & McEvoy, 2005;Lader, Dempster, Fredheim, & Jensen, 2008;Nys & Guenther, 2009;Fitridge et al, 2012;Berillis, Mente, & Kormas, 2017). Apart from these findings, it is likely that the biofouling-free environment in the CAM pen with higher dissolved oxygen levels might have improved fish welfare by facilitating a reducedstress environment with cleaner and more sanitary culture conditions, induced better utilization of diets for growth instead of stress accommodation over the traditional nylon pens as also reported by Braithwaite et al (2007), Fitridge et al (2012).…”