The use of colemanite and ulexite as novel fillers in epoxy composites: Influences on thermal and physico-mechanical properties

Guzel, Gulcihan; Sivrikaya, Osman; Deveci, Hüseyin

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.054

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…When such polymers and copolymers are exposed to external heat flow, they emit high enough energy to activate the dehydration of the colemanite mineral due to the cleavage of bonds in their structures. While the peak heat release rates were between 800 kW/m 2 and 1600 kW/m 2 in these kinds of materials (Stark et al 2010;Kaynak and Işitman 2011;Guzel et al 2016;Cavodeau et al 2017), in the untreated particleboards tested in this study the peak heat release rates were found as low as 170 kW/m 2 . According to thermal analysis studies, dehydration reactions begin at approximately 80 °C, 130 °C, and 315 °C for borax, boric acid, and zinc borate, respectively.…”

Section: Thermal Analysis Results and Activation Energy Calculationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Even though the colemanite mineral showed apparently good fire-retardant properties in different sorts of composites and polymers, it was not effective in particleboards without any polymer matrix such as polyethylene, polystyrene, epoxy, or acetate-acrylate-based copolymers (Kaynak and Işitman 2011;Işitman and Kaynak 2012;Guzel et al 2016;Cavodeau et al 2017;Terzi et al 2018). When such polymers and copolymers are exposed to external heat flow, they emit high enough energy to activate the dehydration of the colemanite mineral due to the cleavage of bonds in their structures.…”

Section: Thermal Analysis Results and Activation Energy Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies on various products without wood particles, such as polystyrene-based composites, low-density polyethylene, epoxy composites, ethylene vinyl acetate/ethylene methyl acrylate copolymers, colemanite has been considered as a successful candidate due to its high fire-retardant properties. Colemanite has also showed synergistic effects with common metal hydroxides to increase the fire performance of such materials (Kaynak and Işitman 2011;Işitman and Kaynak 2012;Guzel et al 2016;Cavodeau et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Degradation of Particleboards Incorporated with Colemanite and Common Boron-based Fire Retardants

Terzi

2018

BioResources

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Fire-resistance and thermal degradation were evaluated for particleboards incorporated with colemanite and common boron-based fire retardants (zinc borate and boric acid:borax mixture). The main purpose of this study was to suggest an alternative fire retardant to be used in particleboards with low cost and considerably lower environmental impact compared to common boron-based fire retardants. For this purpose, the colemanite mineral was chosen as a raw boron mineral because of its good fire performance demonstrated previously in wood-plastic composites. The test compounds were incorporated into the furnish during the particleboard manufacturing process. Fire performance tests and thermal degradation analysis were then performed in the treated particleboard specimens. Mass loss calorimeter tests were applied to determine the oxidative thermal degradation properties of the produced particleboards, whilst thermogravimetric analyses were used to evaluate the non-oxidative thermal behavior of the particleboards. The lowest peak heat release rate and the highest activation energy values were recorded for the boric acid:borax mixture-incorporated particleboards at a loading level of 10%. Overall the results showed that colemanite had a lower fire-retardant property in the particleboards compared to the common boron-based compounds tested in the study.

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Section: Thermal Analysis Results and Activation Energy Calculationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Thermal Analysis Results and Activation Energy Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Degradation of Particleboards Incorporated with Colemanite and Common Boron-based Fire Retardants

Terzi

2018

BioResources

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“…As shown in Figure 5.0GHNT/CE has a higher I G /I D than CE resin and other composites. In particular, the I G /I D values of (2.0GO+2.5HNT)/CE and 5.0GHNT/CE are 1.19 and 1.44, demonstrating that GHNT is conducive to the formation of a dense residual char with a high degree of graphitization, which enhances the flame‐retarding role of the condensed phase by inhibiting heat and mass transfer better than amorphous residual char …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant cyanate ester resin with suppressed toxic volatiles based on environmentally friendly halloysite nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid

Zhang¹,

Xu²,

Yuan³

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Development of high‐performance thermosetting resins by adding environmentally friendly flame retardant to heat‐resistant resins without deteriorating their outstanding thermal stability is an important research direction. Here, a unique hybrid (GHNT) consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) was synthesized, and then a series of composites based on cyanate ester (CE) resin were fabricated. The effects of GHNT on the heat resistance, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of GHNT/CE composites were intensively investigated. The GHNT/CE composite with 5.0 wt % GHNT not only has about 15.1 °C higher initial degradation temperature, but also shows 54.6% or 37.9% lower peak heat release rate or maximum smoke density than CE resin. These results clearly demonstrate that GHNT is not the simple combination of GO and HNT; instead, it obviously shows positive synergistic effects in simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and thermal resistance of CE resin. The improved flame retardancy could be attributed to condensed‐phase mechanisms, including increasing char yield, building a dense char layer, and free radical scavenging. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46587.

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“…or epoxy‐resins, to improve the shielding efficiency of these materials for neutron radiations, as already suggested for other B‐bearing materials . Other studies were addressed to investigate the feasibility and the effects induced by the addition of colemanite‐rich wastes in the production of lightweight concretes, heavy clay ceramics, or to improve the mechanical performances of epoxy‐resins . Similar studies were also performed in the fields of ceramics‐ and glass‐production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐pressure behavior and P‐induced phase transition of CaB₃O₄(OH)₃·H₂O (colemanite)

et al. 2017

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Colemanite (ideally CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O, space group P21/a, unit‐cell parameters: a ~ 8.74, b ~ 11.26, c ~ 6.10 Å, β ~ 110.1°) is one of the principal mineralogical components of borate deposits and the most important mineral commodity of boron. Its high‐pressure behavior is here described, for the first time, by means of in situ single‐crystal synchrotron X‐ray diffraction with a diamond anvil cell up to 24 GPa (and 293 K). Colemanite is stable, in its ambient‐conditions polymorph, up to 13.95 GPa. Between 13.95 and 14.91 GPa, an iso‐symmetric first‐order single‐crystal to single‐crystal phase transition (reconstructive in character) toward a denser polymorph (colemanite‐II) occurs, with: aCOL‐II=3·aCOL, bCOL‐II=bCOL, and cCOL‐II=2·cCOL. Up to 13.95 GPa, the bulk compression of colemanite is accommodated by the Ca‐polyhedron compression and the tilting of the rigid three‐membered rings of boron polyhedra. The phase transition leads to an increase in the average coordination number of both the B and Ca sites. A detailed description of the crystal structure of the high‐P polymorph, compared to the ambient‐conditions colemanite, is given. The elastic behaviors of colemanite and of its high‐P polymorph are described by means of III‐ and II‐order Birch‐Murnaghan equations of state, respectively, yielding the following refined parameters: KV0=67(4) GPa and KV′=5.5(7) [βV0=0.0149(9) GPa−1] for colemanite; KV0=50(8) GPa [βV0=0.020(3) GPa−1] for its high‐P polymorph.

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The use of colemanite and ulexite as novel fillers in epoxy composites: Influences on thermal and physico-mechanical properties

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

Thermal Degradation of Particleboards Incorporated with Colemanite and Common Boron-based Fire Retardants

Thermal Degradation of Particleboards Incorporated with Colemanite and Common Boron-based Fire Retardants

Flame‐retardant cyanate ester resin with suppressed toxic volatiles based on environmentally friendly halloysite nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid

High‐pressure behavior and P‐induced phase transition of CaB₃O₄(OH)₃·H₂O (colemanite)

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The use of colemanite and ulexite as novel fillers in epoxy composites: Influences on thermal and physico-mechanical properties

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

Thermal Degradation of Particleboards Incorporated with Colemanite and Common Boron-based Fire Retardants

Thermal Degradation of Particleboards Incorporated with Colemanite and Common Boron-based Fire Retardants

Flame‐retardant cyanate ester resin with suppressed toxic volatiles based on environmentally friendly halloysite nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid

High‐pressure behavior and P‐induced phase transition of CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O (colemanite)

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High‐pressure behavior and P‐induced phase transition of CaB₃O₄(OH)₃·H₂O (colemanite)