English is regarded as the global language in the modern period because of its broader implications for social and economic issues. For this reason, several governments are working to ensure that English is taught in order to break down barriers to communication and connection with other populations. Due to a number of issues and challenges, teaching English to adult beginners is a challenging process. Thus, the purpose of this research was to conduct a current overview of the key issues and challenges associated with teaching English to adult beginners. Using contemporary research from 2019 to 2023, the study conducted a comprehensive literature review and identified many facets of acquiring a second language. The review's conclusions clarified the main issues and challenges in teaching English to adult beginners who have no prior knowledge of the language, including a lack of confidence and the presence of anxiety, a lack of vocabulary in the language, a lack of understanding of basic English concepts, a lack of time and exposure to the language, and differences in educational backgrounds, cultures, and ethical systems.