The Use of Clays as Sorbents and Catalysts

Caine, Michael A; Dyer, Geoff; Holder, John; Osborne, Boyd Neil; Matear, W. Alan; McCabe, Richard W.; Mobbs, D.R.A.; Richardson, Steve; Wang, Liangcheng

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4499-5_4

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Both the qualitative analysis on the relationship between nitration of I with soil characteristics and the enhanced formation of XI in pure kaolinite and montmorillonite clays strongly suggested the abiotic clay-catalyzed process. The catalytic behavior of clays is well-known and has been utilized for many types of organic syntheses ( , ). In relation to soil metabolism of pesticides, the involvement of catalytic reactions on clay surface has been reported for hydrolysis of organophosphorus pesticides ( , ) and carbamates ( , ) and hydration of cyano group of fenpropathrin (), where the Brönsted acidity on the clay surface originating from the proton dissociation of bound water around the exchangeable metal cations had a great role in the reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay-Catalyzed Nitration of a Carbamate Fungicide Diethofencarb

Kodaka

Sugano

Katagi

et al. 2003

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The unique nitration of the carbamate fungicide diethofencarb (Powmyl, isopropyl 3,4-diethoxycarbanilate) was examined in 14 Japanese soils and three types of clays under the aerobic conditions using the (14)C-labeled compound. Nitration at the 6-position of the 3,4-diethoxyphenyl ring was a clay-catalyzed reaction and extremely enhanced under the dry conditions. Kinetic and product analysis on nitration of nine (14)C-labeled carbamate analogues in the kaolinite thin layer showed the nitration proceeding electrophilically. Requirement of molecular oxygen and retardation of nitration by radical scavengers and spin-trap reagents together with semiempirical AM1 molecular orbital calculations strongly suggested contribution of a radical mechanism, and these different speculations on the reaction mechanism might originate from the heterogeneous reaction environment on clay.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay-Catalyzed Nitration of a Carbamate Fungicide Diethofencarb

Kodaka

Sugano

Katagi

et al. 2003

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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show abstract

“…Soil usually contains air spaces and generally has a loose texture. The isomorphous substitution of central atoms in tetrahedral and octahedral structures with another of a lower valency resulted in a net negative charge for clay sheets and electrostatic force via countercations, making them loosely bound to each other (Caine et al 1999). Quartz and micas are simple Si0 2 minerals whereas clay minerals are basically aluminosilicates.…”

Section: A Soil Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a geometric constraint by pore or sheet structures in clay may alter the photochemistry of pesticides (Thomas 1993). As one of the basic properties on clay surfaces , it should be noted that the sites possessing a high Brensted acidity may show catalysis on some pesticides (Caine et al 1999). As one of the basic properties on clay surfaces , it should be noted that the sites possessing a high Brensted acidity may show catalysis on some pesticides (Caine et al 1999).…”

Section: T Katagimentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

2004

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“…▪ Inorganic mineral sorbents (perlite (Bastani et al, 2006;Roulia et al, 2003), vermiculite (Medeiros et al, 2010;Moura and Lago, 2009), clay (Caine et al, 1999;Carmody et al, 2007), diatomite (Wang et al, 2011) etc). ▪ Organic vegetable sorbents (peat moss (Cojocaru et al, 2011;Klavins and Porshnov, 2012), straw (Li et al, 2013a(Li et al, , 2013b, kenaf (Choi and Cloud, 1992) and wood fibers (Likon et al, 2013), etc).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%