The use of chromium sesquioxide to measure the digestibility of carotene by goats and cows

Chanda, R.; Clapham, Helen M.; McNaught, Mary L.; Owen, E.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600058676

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This larger value of ester-P is associated with a smaller phosphatase titre in human milk. The phosphatase content of goats' milk is smaller than cows' milk, but comparable with that of human milk (Chanda, McNaught & Owen, 1951). In both goats' milk and human milk a greater proportion of phosphorus was esterified than in cows' milk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

The partition of phosphorus and aneurin in relation to phosphatase in the colostrum and milk of the cow

Chanda

Owen

1952

J. Agric. Sci.

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The partitions of phosphorus and aneurin were determined in the colostrum and in the transitional and mature milk of Ayrshire cows with the following results:1. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 11:1 in the first mammary secretion but dropped to a minimum value of 4·5:1 a week later. Thereafter the ratio increased throughout lactation attaining a value of 7·2:1 at the fortieth week. The first colostrum was very rich in both phosphorus and nitrogen.2. Phosphatase titre in colostrum was 154 units in the first post-partum secretion but decreased to 10 during the first five days of lactation. The titre fluctuated slightly during the next few days and increased gradually thereafter, attaining 189 units in the 38th week of lactation.3. Phosphatase was correlated positively with inorganic-P (r= +0·83) and negatively with both ester-P (r= −0·94) and lipid-P (r= −0·70), all P fractions being expressed as percentages of total P. The percentage of phosphorus present as casein was initially 19–21%, but was only 14% in late lactation.4. The first colostrum contained 74 μg. aneurin/100 ml. skim milk. This value became 35 in midlactation and only 28 in late lactation. The corresponding figures for cocarboxylase were 20, 5·7 and 2·3 μg./100 ml. respectively, and for protein-bound aneurin 14, 3·2 and 1·7 respectively. Both cocarboxylase and protein-bound aneurin were negatively correlated with phosphatase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

The partition of phosphorus and aneurin in relation to phosphatase in the colostrum and milk of the cow

Chanda

Owen

1952

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…Chanda et al (60) found this also. A conclusion from this finding is that it should (unless particular attention is paid to mixing) be difficult with the method to determine digestibilities of trace constituents of the food such as carotene.…”

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confidence: 67%

“…Das & Stewart kept lambs in a Co-deficient field (477) which they divided into two by a central fence. 60 Co does not exchange with Co in vitamin B 12 even after weeks of contact (507). The Co led to increased appetites and live-weight gains.…”

Section: Cobalt and Vitamin B 1mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Section A. Physiology of dairy cattle: Part II. Physiology and Biochemistry of Rumination

Owen

1954

Journal of Dairy Research

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Since the time of the previous review in this series by the present author it has been increasingly realized that the ruminant's adaptation to its herbivorous diet is very far-reaching. The biochemical consequences of its need for coarse roughage are still being worked out and have necessitated a reassessment of the causes of bovine ketosis, of the function of lower fatty acids in its blood and of the reasons for its large requirement of cobalt. Recent work on all these three aspects of ruminant metabolism is discussed in this review. The cow's chief function is to convert into milk vegetable materials, many of which are unsuitable for human consumption. Ac-, cordingly, some of the nutritional aspects of this conversion process have been discussed in the review. The literature on the subject has been reasonably well listed, but the author cannot claim that he has not perhaps inadvertently omitted certain pertinent new work. GENERAL Sherwood & Jones(l) found that alfalfa hay plus a mixture of wheat, barley and oats gave 20% more milk than the hay alone. Milk yield was also enhanced by adding the succulents squash and Jerusalem artichoke to the hay diet. Groups of cows receiving the concentrates needed 5-6 lb. more total digestible nutrients to produce 100 lb. milk, and the authors conclude that feeding of succulents is profitable only if they produce nutrients as cheaply as does hay. Watson, Davidson, Kennedy & Sylvestre(2) compared the digestibility of rations of hay plus increasing amounts of oats. As oats increased the digestibility decreased. This effect was most marked with barley, not so marked with oats and was only slight with linseed oil meal. Feeding standards are still the subject of informed criticism in Europe(3,4,5). Nehring(3) concludes that Kellner's starch equivalents cannot be used for pigs without prior respiration calorimetry. Blaxter(4) finds large discrepancies between different methods of computing rations for livestock, and Nicholls(5) enters a plea for food recording as a complement to milk recording. The trouble with all attempts to define standards for grazing animals is the extreme variability from year to year, from field to field, from treatment to treatment and from animal to animal of the nutrients provided by grass and hay or silage. Much current research all over the world is designed to measure more accurately the nutrient intake of cattle and sheep from pasture, with a view to striking a better balance between protein and fibre in the diet, always remembering that the content of fibre biologically best for maximal production per cow may not necessarily give the maximal production per acre. This may come from more cows per acre at somewhat more fibre per cow than would give maximal production per cow. In this connexion the observations of Hancock (6) are pertinent. He points out that the maximum production per animal does not necessarily yield the greatest net returns. In practice this can be achieved by a number of cows per acre too high for maximum productivity per cow or fo...

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“…A faeces sample was collected from each sow every morning from the 2nd day of each recording period until the day after each recording period ceased. The chromic oxide content of each faeces sample was determined by the method of Chanda, Clapham, McNaught & Owen (1951), and the gross energy content by bomb calorimetry. From these data the faecal energy output of each sow during each recording period could be calculated, and the intake of digestible energy then obtained by difference.…”

Section: Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

The utilization of dietary energy by lactating sows

Lodge¹

1957

J. Agric. Sci.

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Mitchell, 1955) is not possible because of lack of relevant information concerning the loss involved in the conversion of food energy to milk energy in this species.In dairy cows the average gross efficiency of milk production, i.e. the energy value of the milk yielded (milk energy) as a percentage of the energy value of the digestible nutrients (digestible energy) consumed, is about 30 % with a range of 15-40 % from inferior to superior producers, and the net efficiency produced, calculated according to Perrin's (19546) formula (.E=911.F + 5-86P + 3-95£, where E is Calories/100 g. milk and F, P and L are the percentages of fat, protein and lactose respectively).The digestible energy fed daily to these sows may be calculated on the basis of a sow with a litter of eight pigs and is presented in Table 2.The mean digestible energy fed was approximately 22,700 Cal./day, and the mean gross energy of the milk produced over the lactation period approximately 9900 Cal./day, leaving on the assumption of constancy of weight 56 % of the digestible energy intake to account for the conversion loss to net energy, the loss from net energy for production to milk energy, and for the requirement for main- Table 1. Daily yield, composition by analysis and energy content by calculation of the milk of five Berkshire sows during third lactation (Smith, 1952a)

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The use of chromium sesquioxide to measure the digestibility of carotene by goats and cows

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

The partition of phosphorus and aneurin in relation to phosphatase in the colostrum and milk of the cow

The partition of phosphorus and aneurin in relation to phosphatase in the colostrum and milk of the cow

Section A. Physiology of dairy cattle: Part II. Physiology and Biochemistry of Rumination

The utilization of dietary energy by lactating sows

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