The use of chromium reduction in the analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur in sediments and shales

Canfield, Donald E.; Raiswell, R.; Westrich, Joseph T.; Reaves, Christopher M.; Berner, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(86)90078-1

Cited by 1,239 publications

(596 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Pyrite extraction followed the chromium reduction method of ref. 66. Sulfur isotopic results are expressed in the standard d notation as % deviation from VCDT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unifying model for Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic exceptional fossil preservation through pyritization and carbonaceous compression

et al. 2014

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“…Pyrite extraction followed the chromium reduction method of ref. 66. Sulfur isotopic results are expressed in the standard d notation as % deviation from VCDT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unifying model for Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic exceptional fossil preservation through pyritization and carbonaceous compression

et al. 2014

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“…The CRS content was extracted from the remaining residue after the CAS extraction by the chromium reduction method (51). Under continuous N 2 flow, samples were reacted with HCl and chromium powder to produce acidic chromium chloride and were heated to a gentle boil for 1.5 h. Sulfur was trapped as zinc sulfide in a zinc acetate solution and converted to silver sulfide for filtrating and drying.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flourishing ocean drives the end-Permian marine mass extinction

Schobben

Stebbins

Ghaderi

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The end-Permian mass extinction, the most severe biotic crisis in the Phanerozoic, was accompanied by climate change and expansion of oceanic anoxic zones. The partitioning of sulfur among different exogenic reservoirs by biological and physical processes was of importance for this biodiversity crisis, but the exact role of bioessential sulfur in the mass extinction is still unclear. Here we show that globally increased production of organic matter affected the seawater sulfate sulfur and oxygen isotope signature that has been recorded in carbonate rock spanning the Permian−Triassic boundary. A bifurcating temporal trend is observed for the strata spanning the marine mass extinction with carbonate-associated sulfate sulfur and oxygen isotope excursions toward decreased and increased values, respectively. By coupling these results to a box model, we show that increased marine productivity and successive enhanced microbial sulfate reduction is the most likely scenario to explain these temporal trends. The new data demonstrate that worldwide expansion of euxinic and anoxic zones are symptoms of increased biological carbon recycling in the marine realm initiated by global warming. The spatial distribution of sulfidic water column conditions in shallow seafloor environments is dictated by the severity and geographic patterns of nutrient fluxes and serves as an adequate model to explain the scale of the marine biodiversity crisis. Our results provide evidence that the major biodiversity crises in Earth's history do not necessarily implicate an ocean stripped of (most) life but rather the demise of certain eukaryotic organisms, leading to a decline in species richness.sulfur cycle | end-Permian mass extinction | primary productivity

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“…For sulfur isotope analyses, sulfide sulfur was liberated through a wet chemical extraction procedure following Canfield et al (1986) and Rice et al (1993). No acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) could be liberated with HCl (25%) as hydrogen sulfide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoarchean sulfur cycling: Multiple sulfur isotope constraints from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Montinaro

Strauß

Mason

et al. 2015

Precambrian Research

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a b s t r a c tMass-dependent and mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation archived in volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the Barberton Greenstone Belt (3550-3215 Ma), South Africa, provide constraints for sulfur cycling on the early Earth. Four different sample suites were studied: komatiites and tholeiites, barite, massive and disseminated sulfide ores, and non-mineralized black shales.Variable but generally slightly positive ı 34 S values between −0.7 and +5.2‰, negative 33 S values between −0.50 and −0.09‰, and a negative correlation between ı 34 S and 33 S as well as between 33 S and 36 S for komatiites and tholeiites from the Komati Formation and from the Weltevreden Formation are outside the expected range of unfractionated juvenile sulfur. Instead, results suggest alteration of oceanic crustal rock sulfur through interactions with fluids that most likely derived their sulfur from seawater.Barite from the Mapepe Formation displays positive ı 34 S values between +3.1 and +8.1‰ and negative 33 S values between −0.77 and −0.34‰. The mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation indicates an atmospheric sulfur source, notably photolytic sulfate, whereas the positive ı 34 S values suggest bacterial sulfate reduction of the marine sulfate reservoir.Non-mineralized black shale samples from the presumed stratigraphic equivalent of the Mapepe Formation show positive ı 34 S values between 0.0 and +1.3‰ and positive 33 S values between +0.59 and +2.45‰. These results are interpreted to result from the reduction of photolytic elemental sulfur, carrying a positive 33 S signature.Positive ı 34 S values ranging from +0.7 to +3.5‰ and slightly negative 33 S values between −0.17 and −0.12‰ characterize massive and disseminated sulfides from the Bien Venue Prospect. Results suggest unfractionated juvenile magmatic sulfur source as the primary sulfur source, but a contribution from recycled seawater sulfate, which would be indicative of submarine hydrothermal activity, cannot be ruled out.Massive and disseminated sulfides from the M'hlati prospect are distinctly different from massive and disseminated sulfide from the Bien Venue Prospect. They show negative ı 34 S values between −1.2 and −0.1‰ and positive 33 S values between +2.66 and +3.17‰, thus, displaying a sizeable mass-independent A. Montinaro et al. / Precambrian Research 267 (2015) 311-322 sulfur isotopic fractionation. Again, these samples clearly exhibit the incorporation of an atmospheric MIF-S signal. The source of sulfur for these samples has positive 33 S values, suggesting a connection with photolytic elemental sulfur. In conclusion, the sulfur isotope signatures in Paleoarchean rocks from the Barberton Greenstone Belt are diverse and indicate the incorporation of different sources of sulfur. For komatiites and tholeiites, barite and massive and possibly also disseminated sulfides from Bien Venue, multiple sulfur isotopes are related to ambient seawater sulfate and its photolytic origin, while massive and disseminated sulfides from M'hlati and non-...

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The use of chromium reduction in the analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur in sediments and shales

Cited by 1,239 publications

References 5 publications

A unifying model for Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic exceptional fossil preservation through pyritization and carbonaceous compression

A unifying model for Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic exceptional fossil preservation through pyritization and carbonaceous compression

Flourishing ocean drives the end-Permian marine mass extinction

Paleoarchean sulfur cycling: Multiple sulfur isotope constraints from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

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