The use of chemically modified and unmodified cassava waste for the removal of Cd, Cu and Zn ions from aqueous solution

Abia, A. A.; Horsfall, Michael; Didi, O.

doi:10.1016/s0960-8524(03)00145-7

Cited by 129 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, these treatment strategies generate toxic sludge that present disposal challenges since they tend to accumulate in the environment (Ganji et al 2005). They are also costly for developing countries that still seek economic growth and have less efficiency and sensitive operating conditions (Abia et al 2003). Research in the wastewater treatment strategies in recent years has been focusing attention on the use of biomaterials to combat a variety of pollutants including heavy metal ions, dyes, phosphates, nitrates, chlorides, phenolic compounds, pesticides, detergents and particulates among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the use of cactus Opuntia ficus indica in the biocoagulation–flocculation of Pb(II) ions from wastewaters

Nharingo

Zivurawa

Guyo

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Coagulation-flocculation processes play an important role in the treatment of water using inorganic and synthetic materials. Presently, cactus Opuntia ficus indica is explored as a cheap, abundant and eco-friendly bioflocculant of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The cactus powder was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and the coagulation-flocculation process was optimized for pH, initial concentration of Pb(II) ions, particle size, dosage, ionic strength, contact time and temperature before its application to Mukuvisi River water. FTIR confirmed the involvement of -C-O-C-, -OH, -C=O, -N-H and -C-H groups of the polysaccharides, carboxylic acids and amino acids in the removal of Pb(II) ions. The variation of percentage removal and zeta potential with pH and flocculant dosage suggested the involvement of adsorption-charge neutralization and adsorption-bridging mechanisms in the coagulationflocculation process. The process was optimum at pH 5, natural ionic strength, dosage of 8 mg/L, corresponding to zero zeta potential, with particle size \75 lm, at 35°C for a floc settling time of 180 min. The coagulation-flocculation process was spontaneous and endothermic with a positive change in entropy of the system. Total heavy metal removal of 100 % (Pb), 85.74 % (Zn), 84.16 % (Cd) and 93.02 % (Cu) were achieved, under optimum conditions, when Opuntia ficus indica powder was used to remove metals from water sampled from Mukuvisi River, Harare, Zimbabwe. The cactus Opuntia ficus indica powder was found to be an efficient, eco-friendly flocculant that can effectively remediate Pb(II) ions from wastewaters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the use of cactus Opuntia ficus indica in the biocoagulation–flocculation of Pb(II) ions from wastewaters

Nharingo

Zivurawa

Guyo

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Previous screening experiments has been performed in order to determine how long the cassava waste biomass would bind to metal ions at optimal pH and a contact time of 1 h was observed to be sufficient for optimal and reproducible biosorption (Abia et al, 2003). The time dependency experiments conducted for the binding of Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions to cassava waste biomass at optimum pH is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, low-value cassava waste biomass has been used effectively for removal of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions from single-metal ion aqueous solutions (Abia et al, 2003). Conversion of these low-value cassava wastes into biosorbent that can remove toxic and valuable metals from industrial wastewater would increase their market value and ultimately benefit the millions of cassava starch, garri and foofoo producers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions from wastewater by cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) waste biomass

Horsfall¹,

Abia²,

A.I.³

2003

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The ability of cassava waste biomass (untreated and acid treated) to remove heavy metals (Cu(II) and Zn(II) ) from single-ion solution and wastewater was investigated. All experiments were conducted using 10mM solutions of mixed metal ions of CuSO 4 .5H 2 O and ZnCl 2 . The uptake capacities of the two metal ions tested on the untreated and acid treated cassava waste biomass were 71.3 and 85.2 mg/g for Cu(II), and 43.4 and 58.1 mg/g for Zn(II) in single-ion solution. For wastewater, the uptake capacities of untreated and acid treated biomass was found to be 40.1 and 59.7 mg/g for Cu(II), and 38.6 and 38.7 mg/g for Zn(II), respectively. Metal ion uptake capacities in wastewater were lower than in single-ion solution probably due to competition of metal ions of different sizes on available binding sites. Uptake capacities of these metal ions on the biomass surface increased with acid treatment. Equilibrium sorption studies showed that the extent of metal uptake was enhanced by chemically modifying the cassava waste biomass by thiolation. Cassava waste biomass saturated with metal ions shows remarkable ability for metal recovery by dilute acid treatment, and can be used repeatedly for removal of heavy metals in single-ion solution and in wastewater effluents.

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“…These facts suggest that the interaction of modified starch with hexavalent chromium is based on electrostatic attraction. It has been well understood that about 82% total Cr (VI) is as HCrO 4 -and the rest as Cr 2 …”

Section: A Influencing Of Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Starch–Enhanced Ultrafiltration for Chromium (VI) Removal

Racho¹,

Phalathip²

2014

JOCET

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Abstract-With increasing concerns about environmental protection are being made to develop biodegradable starch-based materials using in pollutant treatment, particularly for heavy metals removal. This study was investigated on two cross-linkages of modified starch including amino and carboxyl as the sorbents to remove hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. The overall resulted showed that only amino crosslinking starch was effective on Cr (VI) chemisorption. The carboxyl crosslinking and non-modified starch were showed too poor adsorption performances. The pH of the aqueous solutions is an important controlling parameter in the heavy metal adsorption processes. The highest efficiency was achieved in acidic condition about pH 5. However, modified starch is an organic material so it can be contaminated in the effluent. The ultrafiltration was used to separate modified starch from the effluent for sufficiently treatment. Also the operating conditions of modified starch enhanced ultrafiltration for chromium (VI) removal were evaluated in this study.Index Terms-Modified starch, chemisorptions, heavy metal removal.

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The use of chemically modified and unmodified cassava waste for the removal of Cd, Cu and Zn ions from aqueous solution

Cited by 129 publications

References 5 publications

Exploring the use of cactus Opuntia ficus indica in the biocoagulation–flocculation of Pb(II) ions from wastewaters

Exploring the use of cactus Opuntia ficus indica in the biocoagulation–flocculation of Pb(II) ions from wastewaters

Removal of Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions from wastewater by cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) waste biomass

Modified Starch–Enhanced Ultrafiltration for Chromium (VI) Removal

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