The Use of Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBMs) to Monitor Changes in Fragmentation and Cellulose Fiber Surface Morphology during Cellulase- and Swollenin-induced Deconstruction of Lignocellulosic Substrates

Gourlay, Keith; Hu, Jinguang; Arantes, Valdeir; Penttilä, Merja; Saddler, Jack N.

doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.627604

Cited by 42 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(82 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been shown in a previous study that during enzymatic hydrolysis pulp fibres preferably scission at dislocations, which have a typical distance of about 20 lm along the fibre (Thygesen et al 2011). It has been concluded from some studies that fibres derived from various sources were more hydrolysable at dislocations (BuschleDiller et al 1994;Clarke et al 2011;Gourlay et al 2015;Gurnagul et al 1992). We did not observe faster hydrolysis perpendicular to the long axis of the Fibre, which would have indicated the presence of dislocations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Visualization of structural changes in cellulosic substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis using multimodal nonlinear microscopy

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose provides a renewable source of monosaccharides for production of variety of biochemicals and biopolymers. Unfortunately, the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is often incomplete, and the reasons are not fully understood. We have monitored enzymatic hydrolysis in terms of molecular density, ordering and autofluorescence of cellulose structures in real time using simultaneous CARS, SHG and MPEF microscopy with the aim of contributing to the understanding and optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Three celluloserich substrates with different supramolecular structures, pulp fibre, acid-treated pulp fibre and Avicel, were studied at microscopic level. The microscopy studies revealed that before enzymatic hydrolysis Avicel had the greatest carbon-hydrogen density, while pulp fibre and acid-treated fibre had similar density. Monitoring of the substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis revealed the double exponential SHG decay for pulp fibre and acid-treated fibre indicating two phases of the process. Acid-treated fibre was hydrolysed most rapidly and the hydrolysis of pulp fibre was spatially non-uniform leading to fractioning of the particles, while the hydrolysis of Avicel was more than an order of magnitude slower than that of both fibres.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Visualization of structural changes in cellulosic substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis using multimodal nonlinear microscopy

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fluorescent proteins (FPs) can be tagged to CBM domains to directly analyze polysaccharide structure without the secondary or tertiary reagents shown in Figure 1A. For instance, two fluorescently tagged CBMs enabled the dual labeling of crystalline and amorphous cellulose at the surface of plant fibers following biomass deconstruction (Gourlay et al, 2015). Such chimeric protein constructs could potentially be transformed into plants to monitor polysaccharides without any incubation steps.…”

Section: Monitoring Cellulose Structure With Molecular Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Polysaccharide Dynamics in the Plant Cell Wall

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…SWO reportedly hydrolyzes soluble β(1,4)-glucans, but lacks detectable hydrolytic activity against cellulose, yet it strongly disrupts cellulose aggregates such as Avicel and cotton fibers (Gourlay et al 2014; Jager et al 2011; Kang et al 2013; Saloheimo et al 2002; Wang et al 2011). According to Yao et al (2008), recombinant SWO had hydrolytic activity against an undefined xylan and yeast cell wall, but not against various forms of soluble and solid celluloses.…”

Section: Swollenins Cerato-platanins and Other Expansin-like Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial expansins and related proteins from the world of microbes

Georgelis

Nikolaidis

Cosgrove

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The discovery of microbial expansins emerged from studies of the mechanism of plant cell growth and the molecular basis of plant cell wall extensibility. Expansins are wall-loosening proteins that are universal in the plant kingdom and are also found in a small set of phylogenetically diverse bacteria, fungi, and other organisms, most of which colonize plant surfaces. They loosen plant cell walls without detectable lytic activity. Bacterial expansins have attracted considerable attention recently for their potential use in cellulosic biomass conversion for biofuel production, as a means to disaggregate cellulosic structures by non-lytic means (‘amorphogenesis’). Evolutionary analysis indicates that microbial expansins originated by multiple horizontal gene transfers from plants. Crystallographic analysis of BsEXLX1, the expansin from Bacillus subtilis, shows that microbial expansins consist of two tightly-packed domains: the N-terminal domain D1 has a double-ψ β-barrel fold similar to glycosyl hydrolase family-45 enzymes, but lacks catalytic residues usually required for hydrolysis; the C-terminal domain D2 has a unique β-sandwich fold with three co-linear aromatic residues that bind β-1,4-glucans by hydrophobic interactions. Genetic deletion of expansin in Bacillus and Clavibacter cripples their ability to colonize plant tissues. We assess reports that expansin addition enhances cellulose breakdown by cellulase and compare expansins with distantly related proteins named swollenin, cerato-platanin and loosenin. We end in a speculative vein about the biological roles of microbial expansins and their potential applications. Advances in this field will be aided by a deeper understanding of how these proteins modify cellulosic structures.

show abstract

The Use of Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBMs) to Monitor Changes in Fragmentation and Cellulose Fiber Surface Morphology during Cellulase- and Swollenin-induced Deconstruction of Lignocellulosic Substrates

Cited by 42 publications

References 48 publications

Visualization of structural changes in cellulosic substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis using multimodal nonlinear microscopy

Visualization of structural changes in cellulosic substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis using multimodal nonlinear microscopy

Monitoring Polysaccharide Dynamics in the Plant Cell Wall

Bacterial expansins and related proteins from the world of microbes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About