The Use of Canonical Analysis to Compare Response Curves in Physiological Ecology

Kowal, Robert R.; Lechowicz, Martin J.; Adams, Michael S.

doi:10.1016/s0367-2530(17)31832-7

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both axes are highly significant by the Wilk's X criterion (P < .0001). The general utility of canonical analysis in physiological ecology was stressed by Kowal et al (1976) in a comparison of photosynthetic responses to temperature for various Cladonia lichens in different seasons. The evergreen Vaccinium vitis-idaea, unlike the deciduous V. uliginosum, increased in N but decreased in the other macronutrients in control plants from June to August (Fig.…”

Section: Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nutrient concentration data were analyzed by canonical analysis (Seal 1964, Morrison 1967 using the multiple discriminant analysis routines available in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Nie et al 1975). Both Kowal et a!. (1976) and Gittins (1979) provide a more thorough explication of canonical analysis in an ecological context than does the following brief summary outlining its use with mineral nutrient data.…”

Section: Canonical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gittins (1979) compared the growth response of eight grasses to nitrate fertilization using canonical analysis. Both Kowal et al (1976) and Gittins (1979) contend that in general canonical analysis will result in more efficient reduction of ecological data than ordination techniques. Both Kowal et al (1976) and Gittins (1979) contend that in general canonical analysis will result in more efficient reduction of ecological data than ordination techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1977, Garten 1978, and others have applied both ordination and canonical analysis techniques in studies of mineral nutrition in native species. Both Kowal et a!. (1976) and Gittins (1979) contend that in general canonical analysis will result in more efficient reduction of ecological data than ordination techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multivariate Approach to the Analysis of Factorial Fertilization Experiments in Alaskan Arctic Tundra

Lechowicz¹,

Shaver²

1982

Ecology

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Canonical analysis was used to analyze the results of factorial NPK fertilization trials on size species growing in arctic tundra at Eagel Creek, Alaska, USA (latitude 65°10'N, longitude 145°30'W): the graminoids Eriophorum vaginatum and Carex bigelowii, the deciduous shrubs Betula nana and Vaccinium uliginosum, and the evergreen shrubs V. vitis—idaea and Ledum palustre. In an extension of early univariate analyses, multivariate comparisions were made based on shoot concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg as a measure of overall nutrient balance. In the unfertilized controls, the graminoids were richer in K than the other growth forms, deciduous shrubs had higher concentrations of N relative to P and Ca than the evergreen shrubs, and the deciduous—evergreen contrasts were greatest early in the growing season. An NKP fertilization triggered disproportionate increases in K concentration in the graminoids and increases N relative to P and Ca in the evergreen shrubs. The effect of fertilization on nutrient balance of the deciduous shrubs in the spring following fertilization was like that of the evergreen shrubs but by late summer had shifted to the graminoid pattern. Nitrogen and phosphorus consistently produced contrasing shifts in the nutrient balance in all three growth forms. In contrast to the two Vaccinium shrubs, the nutrient balance of the graminoid E. vaginatum was strongly affected by any fertilization involving potassium. In general, factorial combinations of N, P, and/or K produced shifts in the nutrient balance qualitatively intermediate to those resulting from the nutrients added singly. Many differences among growth forms apparent here were not discerned in the earlier univariate analyses of these fertilization trials. Particularly when combined with factorial fertilization experiments, canonical analysis can provide considerable insight into the response of nutrient balance to fertilization and help elucidate the ecological significance of these response patterns.

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Section: Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Canonical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multivariate Approach to the Analysis of Factorial Fertilization Experiments in Alaskan Arctic Tundra

Lechowicz¹,

Shaver²

1982

Ecology

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“…Although there have been a number of articles on sampling designs and statistical methods for plants, there has been little mention of the problem of distinguishing between short-term and long-term variation (Bowles et al 1986, Travis and Sutter 1986, Goldsmith 1991b, Spellenberg 1991. Repeated-measures analysis has been used in ecological studies to test the significance of response curves or trends generated by sequential sampling of plots or individuals (Kowal et al 1976, Gurevitch and Chester 1986, Potvin et al 1990). These methods with an appropriate study design can be used to accommodate variation from short-term fluctuations and test for long-term trend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Monitoring Long‐Term Population Trends: An Example Using Rare Arctic‐Alpine Plants

Lesica¹,

Steele²

1996

Ecological Applications

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Populations of arctic‐alpine plants at the southern periphery of their range should respond rapidly to projected global warming. We established a study to monitor the density and reproductive effort of six such species in tundra of Glacier National Park, Montana to help project the fate of these species in the center of their range. For many species, detecting long‐term population trends is confounded by short‐term variation. Our study design employs temporal resampling of permanent plots on multiple sites and a repeated‐measures model that accommodates the effects of high frequency variation and allows assessment of the significance of long‐term trends. Statistical analysis compares site‐specific estimates of annual mean density between two time periods and uses between‐plot, within‐site, within‐year variation to estimate error. Power calculations using data from the 3‐yr baseline period indicate that measurements of fecundity will be less sensitive for detecting long‐term trends than measurements of plant density. Furthermore, our results suggest that perennial species of closed‐turf communities may be better bioassays of long‐term change than annuals or species of open, ephemeral microsites.

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Taxonomy of Zea (Gramineae). I. A Subgeneric Classification With Key to Taxa

Doebley

Iltis

1980

American J of Botany

117

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The genus Zea is here divided into the Sect. Luxuriantes Doebley & litis sect. n., including the perennials Z. diploperennis (2n = 20) and Z. perennis (2n = 40) and the annual Z. luxurians (2n = 20); and Sect. Zea, including the wild Z. mays ssp.parviglumis and Z. mays ssp. mexicana (both 2n = 20), and Z. mays ssp. mays (2n = 20), the highly domesticated and tremendously variable derivate of the latter. This division is verified by a multivariate analysis of a large number of morphological characters of the male inflorescence. Cytogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence supports the morphological conclusions. A consideration of the phylogeny of Zea within the conceptual framework offered by this new sectioning of the genus points convincingly to annual teosinte (Z. mays ssp. mexicana) as the ancestor of cultivated maize.

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The Use of Canonical Analysis to Compare Response Curves in Physiological Ecology

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

A Multivariate Approach to the Analysis of Factorial Fertilization Experiments in Alaskan Arctic Tundra

A Multivariate Approach to the Analysis of Factorial Fertilization Experiments in Alaskan Arctic Tundra

A Method for Monitoring Long‐Term Population Trends: An Example Using Rare Arctic‐Alpine Plants

Taxonomy of Zea (Gramineae). I. A Subgeneric Classification With Key to Taxa

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