The use of Bis‐(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphane for surface modification of silica, ferrite and kenaf fiber filled natural rubber composites; comparison of aqueous solvent deposition, dry blend and integral blend methods

Abstract

In this work, Bis‐(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphane was employed for surface modification of silica, ferrite and kenaf fiber filled natural rubber composites using aqueous solvent deposition, dry blending and integral blend methods. The efficiency of each method and the preferred modification method for improving the mechanical performance of natural rubber composites was assessed. The appearance of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy peak around 1088 cm−1for all types of fillers provided evidence that silane interaction had occurred between the fillers and rubber and the formation of siloxane linkages were quantitatively determined by the crosslink density measurement. The surface treatment by dry method for silica and ferrite fillers showed significant improvement of tensile performance at approximately 67% and 34% compared to those with untreated fillers. For kenaf fiber‐filled rubber composites, the surface treatment by aqueous solvent deposition showed the highest tensile improvement of 59% compared to the dry blending and integral blend method.

Statistically Analyzed Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency of Silica-Coated Cu0.50Mg0.50Fe2O4 Magnetic Adsorbent for Wastewater Treatment

“… 38 The sharp peak appeared at 1068 cm –1 , indicating dipole–induced dipole interaction between silica and ferrite ceramic. 39 A band at 1620 cm –1 , demonstrating H–O–H bending vibrations, appeared due to water molecules present in the silica-coated spinel ferrite and a band witnessed at 1680 cm –1 revealed OH stretching associated with hydrogen bonding, which arises from manganite. 40 Relatively weak vibration bands at 2352 and 2920 cm –1 were referred to CO 2 and C–H stretching vibrations.…”

“…A very bulbous peak at 654 cm –1 indicated Fe–O bond vibrations, a characteristic feature of ferrites . The sharp peak appeared at 1068 cm –1 , indicating dipole–induced dipole interaction between silica and ferrite ceramic . A band at 1620 cm –1 , demonstrating H–O–H bending vibrations, appeared due to water molecules present in the silica-coated spinel ferrite and a band witnessed at 1680 cm –1 revealed OH stretching associated with hydrogen bonding, which arises from manganite .…”

Preparation and performance of natural rubber latex treatment for silica filled natural rubber composites

“…Filled rubber mixing technology is divided into dry mixing and wet mixing. [18][19][20] In dry mixing technology, silica and rubber are blended using a mixer, but one-time mixing cannot evenly disperse the highly filled silica in the rubber, resulting in a low mixing efficiency and a great negative influence on the tensile, tear and abrasion resistance of rubber materials. Although the dry mixing technology is simple, but in order to get a good dispersion of rubber composite materials, rubber and the high content of silica have to be mixed repeatedly, and even need to set different temperatures, making the process very tedious.…”

“…The easily and efficiently mixing of silica and rubber is one of the problems plaguing businesses. Filled rubber mixing technology is divided into dry mixing and wet mixing 18–20 . In dry mixing technology, silica and rubber are blended using a mixer, but one‐time mixing cannot evenly disperse the highly filled silica in the rubber, resulting in a low mixing efficiency and a great negative influence on the tensile, tear and abrasion resistance of rubber materials.…”