The use of bioluminescence as a flow diagnostic

Rohr, Jim; Allen, Jeff; Losee, Jon; Latz, Michael I.

doi:10.1016/s0375-9601(97)00034-0

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Using Couette flow, characterized by a constant shear field in the gap between concentric cylinders, Latz et al (1994) found that the response threshold for bioluminescence stimulation of cultured dinoflagellates and plankton samples occurs in laminar flow at a shear stress level of approximately 0.1 N m Ϫ2 . A similar threshold has been ob-tained for mixed plankton samples tested in fully developed pipe flow (Rohr et al 1997(Rohr et al , 1998. In the present study, fully developed pipe flow was chosen to stimulate bioluminescence because (1) the hydrodynamic properties of the flow field are well characterized through simple measurements of the volumetric flow and pressure drop along the pipe, (2) it offers a wide (and sometimes overlapping) range of laminar and turbulent shear stress stimuli, (3) it provides continuous replacement of organisms, (4) organisms experience the flow field for only a brief time period, and (5) previous bioluminescence measurements have not appeared to be significantly degraded by the inlet and upstream length of pipe (Losee and Lapota 1981).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Laminar vs. turbulent flow-Even though turbulent flow is routinely used in bathyphotometers to stimulate in situ bioluminescence (e.g., Swift et al 1983;Losee et al 1985;Widder et al 1993), dinoflagellates also respond to laminar flows. The luminescent response threshold of cultured dinoflagellates and mixed plankton samples occurs in laminar Couette and pipe flow at shear stress levels of approximately 0.1-0.3 N m Ϫ2 (Latz et al 1994;Rohr et al 1997Rohr et al , 1998present study). In the present study of L. polyedrum, experiments with low cell concentrations in which individual flashes could be discerned at all flow rates revealed that the maximum response of the individual cell was reached in high laminar flow and did not change with increasing shear stress upon transition to turbulence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each experiment, flow rates were presented first in a decreasing series, from maximum turbulent to below threshold in the laminar range, and then in a reverse order from laminar to turbulent. There was generally no difference in luminescent response at equivalent flow rates as a function of the temporal sequence of flows (Rohr et al 1994(Rohr et al , 1997(Rohr et al , 1998present study). For each flow rate, Reynolds number, friction factor, and the following bioluminescence parameters were determined: mean and maximum bioluminescence intensity, proportion of cells responding, and, for some experiments, the decay rate of individual flashes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Luminescent response of the red tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum to laminar and turbulent flow

Latz

Rohr

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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While it is universally accepted that plankton continually experience a dynamic fluid environment, their sensitivity to the features of the surrounding flow field at the relevant length and time scales of the organism is poorly characterized. The present study uses bioluminescence as a tool to understand how the red tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (ϭ Gonyaulax polyedra) responds to well-characterized hydrodynamic forces present in fully developed laminar and turbulent pipe flow. The response of L. polyedrum to hydrodynamic stimulation was best characterized by wall shear stress; at similar values of wall shear stress, the response was similar for laminar and turbulent flows.The response threshold occurred in laminar flow at a wall shear stress of approximately 0.3 N m Ϫ2. At these low flow rates, video analysis of the velocity of flash trajectories revealed that responding cells were positioned only near the pipe wall, where local shear stress levels were equal to or greater than threshold. For cell concentrations ranging over four orders of magnitude, threshold values of wall shear stress were restricted to a narrow range, consistent with an antipredation function for dinoflagellate bioluminescence. For laminar flows with above-threshold wall shear stress values Յ 1 N m Ϫ2 , mean bioluminescence increased with wall shear stress according to a power (log-log) relationship, with the slope of the power function dependent on cell concentration. The increase in bioluminescence within this range was due primarily to an increasing population response rate and, to a lesser extent, an increase in maximum flash intensity per cell and the increased flux of organisms with higher flow rates. For wall shear stress levels Ͼ 1 N m Ϫ2 , the maximum intensity per cell remained approximately constant with increasing wall shear stress, even as the flow transitioned from laminar to turbulent, and the smallest turbulent length scales became less than the average cell size.All plankton experience a dynamic fluid environment due to the effects of wind, waves, tides, and currents. For phytoplankton, turbulence regulates the vertical transport of cells (Lewis et al. 1984;Cowles and Desiderio 1993), which affects primary production through changes in the average level of incident illumination (reviewed by Kiørboe 1993), the sedimentation rate of cells from the mixed layer (Ruiz et al. 1996), the coagulation of cells caused by shear-induced collisions between suspended phytoplankton (Jackson 1990), and the encounter rate of phytoplankton to grazers and microbes (Bowen et al. 1993). It also relaxes diffusion limitation of nutrient uptake, which can lead to enhanced growth (Pasciak and Gavis 1975; reviewed by Kiørboe 1993 andKarp-Boss et al. 1996). Turbulence can negatively affect phytoplankton growth and cell division (Thomas andGibson 1990a, 1995;Berdalet 1992; reviewed by Estrada and Berdalet 1997) and alter cell motility (Thomas and Gibson 1990a).The present study applies bioluminescence as a tool to characterize how...

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Section: Acknowledgmentssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Luminescent response of the red tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum to laminar and turbulent flow

Latz

Rohr

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Blaser et al (2002) [5] studied the flash responses of the bioluminescent dinoflagellate Pyrocystis fusiformis in shearing pipe flow and oscillatory flow. Detailed analyses of the luminescent behaviors of dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum in turbulent shear flow, performed by Latz and Rohr (1999) [6] and Rhor et al (1997) [7], revealed a unique correlation of the flash intensity with wall shear stress. These studies indicated the possibility of measuring the shear flow field using bioluminescent planktons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioluminescence-based imaging technique for pressure measurement in water

Watanabe

Tanaka

2011

Exp Fluids

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The dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula emits light in response to water motion. We developed a new imaging technique for measuring pressure using plankton that emit light in response to mechanical stimulation. The bioluminescence emitted by P. lunula was used to measure impact water pressure produced using weight drop tests.The maximum mean luminescence intensity correlated with the maximum impact pressure that the cells receive when the circadian and diurnal biological rhythms are appropriately controlled. Thus, with appropriate calibration of experimentally determined parameters, the dynamic impact pressure can be estimated by measuring the cell-flash distribution. Statistical features of the evolution of flash intensity and the probability distribution during the impacting event, which are described by both biological and mechanical response parameters, are also discussed in this paper.The practical applicability of this bioluminescence imaging technique is examined through a water drop test. The maximum dynamic pressure, occurring at the impact of a water jet against a wall, was estimated from the flash intensity of the dinoflagellate.

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“…In a seminal article (Rohr et al, 1997), the use of bioluminescence of phytoplankton as a flow diagnostic was for the first time evoked. In particular, these authors showed that there was a relation between the intensity of the emitCorrespondence to: P. Le Gal (legal@irphe.univ-mrs.fr) ted light and the wall shear stress produced by laminar and turbulent pipe flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinoflagellate bioluminescence in response to mechanical stimuli in water flows

Cussatlegras

Gal

2005

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. Bioluminescence of plankton organisms induced by water movements has long been observed and is still under investigations because of its great complexity. In particular, the exact mechanism occurring at the level of the cell has not been yet fully understood. This work is devoted to the study of the bioluminescence of the dinoflagellates plankton species Pyrocystis noctiluca in response to mechanical stimuli generated by water flows. Several experiments were performed with different types of flows in a Couette shearing apparatus. All of them converge to the conclusion that stationary homogeneous laminar shear does not trigger massive bioluminescence, but that acceleration and shear are both necessary to stimulate together an intense bioluminescence response. The distribution of the experimental bioluminescence thresholds is finally calculated from the light emission response for the Pyrocystis noctiluca species.

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The use of bioluminescence as a flow diagnostic

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Luminescent response of the red tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum to laminar and turbulent flow

Luminescent response of the red tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum to laminar and turbulent flow

Bioluminescence-based imaging technique for pressure measurement in water

Dinoflagellate bioluminescence in response to mechanical stimuli in water flows

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