The use of bioassays to assess aquatic arthropod mortality from permethrin drift deposits

Helson, B. V.; Kingsbury, P. D.; Groot, Peter de

doi:10.1016/0166-445x(86)90013-5

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…This study has demonstrated that an aerial application of permethrin can control 2. canadensis populations and reduce the damage to leaders on white spruce trees when timed to coincide with the initiation of egg hatch. Although permethrin is highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates, aerial applications of permethrin could be used in plantations where no aquatic systems are present or where they can be protected with unsprayed buffers (Helson et al 1986;Payne et al 1986). Precise applications and observance of necessary buffers are realistic because infested plantations are typically a few hundred hectares or less in size and located in upland areas away from streams.…”

Section: Direct Contact Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. AND FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES

et al. 1989

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Laboratory tests with selected carbamate, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid insecticides demonstrated that the pyrethroid permethrin has the best potential for controlling newly hatched larvae of Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. and Free. Permethrin possessed high crawling contact toxicity (toxicity of insecticide deposits on foliage when contacted by crawling larvae) and direct contact toxicity to first-instar larvae and exhibited long residual effectiveness on potted, white spruce trees. Chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, mexacarbate, and methomyl had high crawling contact toxicity but short residual activity. Azinphos-methyl appeared to possess long residual effectiveness but relatively low crawling contact toxicity. Aminocarb and thiodicarb exhibited short residual effectiveness and relatively low toxicity. In field trials, an aerial application of permethrin (70 g/ha) at egg hatch resulted in an 81% population reduction and limited the destruction of tree leaders to 9%. Leader destruction was greater than 19% after treatments of permethrin at 35 g AI/ha or aminocarb at 180 g AI/ha or aminocarb twice at 90 g AI/ha. Leader destruction in an untreated plantation was 51%.

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Section: Direct Contact Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. AND FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES

et al. 1989

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Impact assessment of spray drift from silvicultural aerial applications of permethrin on aquatic invertebrates using mosquito bioassays

Helson

Payne

Sundaram

1993

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Permethrin (Pounce®) was applied at 70 g active ingredient per hectare by fixed‐wing aircraft to a 16‐ha jack and red pine plantation under application and meteorological conditions that were highly conducive for insecticide drift. Mortalities of an indicator aquatic insect species, Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae, and corresponding permethrin residues in shallow, artificial aquatic habitats, along with droplet densities on ground Kromekote® cards, were measured along five lines downwind and crosswind of the spray block. At 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 m downwind, larval mortalities averaged 40, 39, 51, 18, and 34%; permethrin residues averaged 1.4, 1.1, 1.2, 0.6, and 0.8 μg/L; and droplet densities averaged 25, 22, 17, 14, and 10 droplets per centimeter squared, respectively. At similar distances crosswind of the block, mortalities were 60, 53, 11, 1, and 0%; residues to 180 m were 1.6, 2.6, 1.1, and 0.3 μg/L; and droplet densities were 30, 22, 12, 2, and 0.1 droplets per centimeter squared, respectively. Mortalities and residues were not high for such shallow water (6.7 cm depth), particularly beyond 120 m, and were less than or similar to the values predicted from a swath‐superposition model. Impact on sensitive aquatic arthropods and stream insects in deeper water (≥25 cm), more representative of natural habitats, is predicted to be insignificant at such distances. A buffer zone of 150 m around productive water bodies (depth ≥25 cm) is suggested for aerial permethrin applications to such plantations.

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Estimating buffer zone widths for pesticide applications

Payne¹,

Helson²,

Sundaram³

et al. 1988

Pestic. Sci.

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A technique for estimating the width of buffer zones required around sensitive areas during pesticide applications has been devised and tested. The technique has been used to estimate the buffer width required around water bodies during ground‐based permethrin applications in Canadian forests to prevent significant impact on fish and their food populations. A worst‐ case scenario was developed for environmental impact in water bodies result ing from ground‐based permethrin applications, and a spray application was made under these worst‐case conditions. Permethrin deposit on ground sheets was measured downwind of overlaid crosswind swaths. From these measurements the deposit at various downwind distances from a single crosswind swath was calculated, and a curvilinear regression line fitted to these values. Permethrin deposit downwind of multiple‐swath applications was computed by adding the contributions from individual swaths. Mortality resulting from various permethrin concentrations was measured for Aedes aegypti larvae. Although these larvae are not an important food species for the fish species of interest, salmon and trout, they are more sensitive to permethrin than most aquatic invertebrates. Predicted mortality in populations of this species and Salmo gairdneri, rainbow trout, at various downwind distances from the permethrin application was calculated from the toxicological and spray‐cloud dispersal data. Buffer width was estimated by choosing an acceptably low mortality, and determining the downwind distance at which this value was obtained. For example, a 20 m swath width was found to be adequate to limit mortality in A. aegypti andS. gairdneri populations to 10 and 0.1% during ground‐based permethrin applications.

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The use of bioassays to assess aquatic arthropod mortality from permethrin drift deposits

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. AND FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES

TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. AND FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES

Impact assessment of spray drift from silvicultural aerial applications of permethrin on aquatic invertebrates using mosquito bioassays

Estimating buffer zone widths for pesticide applications

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