The Use of Basic Oxygen Steel Furnace Slag (Bos) as a High Surface Area Media for the Removal of Iron From Circum Neutral Mine Water

Bowden, Lawrence; Johnson, Karen; Jarvis, Adam P.; Robinson, Howard; Ghazireh, N; Younger, Paul L.

doi:10.21000/jasmr06020234

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…All the acidified samples were stored in a 4 • C cooler. Consider that formation of calcium phosphate is the dominant P removal mechanism for slag [26][27][28][29]:…”

Section: Sampling and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Steel Slag for Dissolved Phosphorus Removal: Insights from a Designed Flow-Through Laboratory Experimental Structure

Wang

Penn

Huang

et al. 2020

Water

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Steel slag, a byproduct of the steel making process, has been adopted as a material to reduce non-point phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural land. Although substantial studies have been conducted on characterizing P removed by steel slag, few data are available on the removal of P under different conditions of P input, slag mass, and retention time (RT). The objective of this study was to investigate P removal efficiency as impacted by slag mass and RT at different physical locations through a horizontal steel slag column. Downstream slag segments were more efficient at removing P than upstream segments because they were exposed to more favorable conditions for calcium phosphate precipitation, specifically higher Ca2+ concentrations and pH. These results showed that P is removed in a moving front as Ca2+ and slag pH buffer capacity are consumed. In agreement with the calcium phosphate precipitation mechanism shown in previous studies, an increase in RT increased P removal, resulting in an estimated removal capacity of 61 mg kg−1 at a RT of 30 min. Results emphasized the importance of designing field scale structures with sufficient RT to accommodate the formation of calcium phosphate.

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“…All the acidified samples were stored in a 4 • C cooler. Consider that formation of calcium phosphate is the dominant P removal mechanism for slag [26][27][28][29]:…”

Section: Sampling and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Steel Slag for Dissolved Phosphorus Removal: Insights from a Designed Flow-Through Laboratory Experimental Structure

Wang

Penn

Huang

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Feng et al (2004) further supported ideas by Ziemkiewicz and Skousen (1998) by citing that slag can increase the pH of acid mine water to almost neutral figures and remove heavy metals. Bowden et al (2006) further discovered that rapid iron removal was possible using steel slag.…”

Section: Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Using Slagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of acid mine drainage using metallurgical slags

Name

Sheridan

2014

Minerals Engineering

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This research focuses on the remediation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using metallurgical slags. Slag leach beds are a promising low cost and low maintenance technology for the remediation of AMD compared to potentially expensive and maintain once intensive conventional active methods that entail addition of chemicals to treat AMD. Slags are highly alkaline in nature hence they neutralise acidic water; this in turn leads to reduction of iron and sulphate concentration due to formation of iron precipitates and gypsum at higher pH values. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the possibility of reducing acid, iron and sulphate concentration from synthetic AMD using two types of slag namely the basic oxygen furnace and stainless steel slag. These experiments include ratio tests, contact time tests and continuous flow studies. Experiments were performed to determine the optimum slag to AMD ratios that would result in maximum pH increase as well as maximum iron and sulphate reduction. These experiments were carried out by varying the amount of slag in use per 1L of AMD for a given period of time. The ratio tests showed that the amount of iron and sulphate removed as well reduction of acidity increased with an increase in the slag to AMD ratio with both slags used. This was an indication that chemical reaction and precipitation was taking place. It was found that 100 g/L of slag: AMD was the optimum ratio. At that ratio a resultant pH of 12.31, 99.7% iron reduction and 75.0% sulphate reduction was achieved. The reduction of acid, iron and sulphate concentration was rapid in the first hour of mixing slag and AMD in processes carried out to investigate the effect of contact time. It was discovered that reduction gradually decreased with time for all experiments under investigation. The continuous flow studies showed that slags were also capable of reducing acid, iron and sulphate concentration from synthetic AMD in a continuously flowing process. The data collected showed that iron was removed from 1000 mg/L to undetectable concentration while sulphate was reduced from 5000 mg/L to 743 mg/L, which translated to 85.1% decrease for a residence time of 2.0 hours. For a residence of 2.53 hours, sulphate was reduced from 5000 mg/L to 693 mg/L which translated to 86.1% decrease. The pH was also increased from 2.25 to 13.21. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) standards stipulate that wastewater must have iron concentration less than 0.30 mg/L and sulphate concentration less than 400 mg/L. The results show that iron was reduced below the iv DWAF general limit for wastewater while sulphate was still above that limit. A graph was also created to predict the amount of slag required to treat different AMD flowrates for different residence times and target concentrations of iron and sulphate. The results obtained, it was shown that slags are a viable option to treating AMD. The results also revealed that basic oxygen furnace slag was better than stainless steel slag for reducing acidity, iron and sulp...

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“…The BOS used in this study contains 4−6% free lime (CaO), which creates the potential for expansivity, rendering it unsuitable for use in construction applications as structural failure may have catastrophic consequences. The free lime leads to generation of high pH leachates associated with leaching stockpiles of steel slag. If unmanaged the leachates can have serious effects on controlled waters , .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If unmanaged the leachates can have serious effects on controlled waters , . However, it is this high pH-generating potential and associated calcium release of BOS which has proved useful in several environmental engineering applications ,− .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Removal from Waste Waters Using Basic Oxygen Steel Slag

Bowden

Jarvis

Younger

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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162

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Few studies have characterized reactive media for phosphorus (P) removal in passive treatment systems in terms of both batch and continuous flow experiments. This study uses basic oxygen steel slag (BOS) from a U.K. feedstock. Batch experiments demonstrated the effective removal of phosphorus with varying initial pH, initial P concentration, clast size, and ionic strength to represent environmental conditions. Continuous flow column experiments, operated for 406 days, with an influent P concentration of 1-50 mg/L (typical of domestic and dairy parlour waste) achieved removal of up to 62%; a second set of column experiments running for 306 days with an influent P concentration of 100-300 mg/L achieved a maximum effective removal of 8.39 mg/g. This figure is higher than that for other slags reviewed in this study (e.g., EAF Slag 3.93 mg/g and NZ melter slag 1.23 mg/g). XRD, E-SEM, and EDX data provide evidence for a sequential series of increasingly less soluble P mineral phases forming on the BOS surface (octa-calcium phosphate, brushite, and hydroxylapatite),which suggests that BOS may be a suitable substrate in passive treatment systems, providing a long-term P removal mechanism.

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The Use of Basic Oxygen Steel Furnace Slag (Bos) as a High Surface Area Media for the Removal of Iron From Circum Neutral Mine Water

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Using Steel Slag for Dissolved Phosphorus Removal: Insights from a Designed Flow-Through Laboratory Experimental Structure

Using Steel Slag for Dissolved Phosphorus Removal: Insights from a Designed Flow-Through Laboratory Experimental Structure

Remediation of acid mine drainage using metallurgical slags

Phosphorus Removal from Waste Waters Using Basic Oxygen Steel Slag

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