The Use of Aversive Stimulation in the Treatment of Chronic Self-Injurious Behavior

Baroff, George S.; Tale, Bobby G.

doi:10.1097/00004583-196807000-00005

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For both subjects, combining extinction with punishment (either contingent effort or contingent restraint) produced immediate decreases in disruptive behavior. Results of three studies that examined extinction of SIB with and without punishment (contingent electric shock) also demonstrated the superiority of punishment combined with extinction relative to extinction alone as treatment for problem behavior (Baroff & Tate, 1968;Lovaas & Simmons, 1969;D. Williams, Kirkpatrick-Sanchez, & Iwata, 1993).…”

Section: Applied Research and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Developing a Technology for the Use of Operant Extinction in Clinical Settings: An Examination of Basic and Applied Research

Lerman

Iwata

1996

J of App Behav Analysis

188

124

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Extinction of operant behavior, which involves terminating the reinforcement contingency that maintains a response, is important to the development, generalization, and reduction of behavior in clinical settings. We review basic and applied research findings on variables that influence the direct and indirect effects of extinction and discuss the potential value of a general technology for the use of extinction. We suggest that current research findings are not sufficient for the development of a comprehensive, applied technology of extinction and provide extensive guidelines for further studies on factors that may affect the course of extinction in clinical settings.DESCRIPTORS: extinction, behavior disorders, reinforcementExtinction of operant behavior involves terminating the reinforcement contingency that maintains a response, which results in a reduction in the behavior's occurrence over time. 1 Results of basic research (e.g., Ferster & Skinner, 1957;Skinner, 1938) have revealed much about its direct and indirect effects, including a number of variables that influence the general course of responding during extinction. These findings have important implications for the use of extinction in applied settings, in which behavior is ofWe thank Marc Branch, Timothy Hackenberg, Cecil Mercer, and Betty Capaldi for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.Reprints may be obtained from

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Section: Applied Research and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Developing a Technology for the Use of Operant Extinction in Clinical Settings: An Examination of Basic and Applied Research

Lerman

Iwata

1996

J of App Behav Analysis

188

124

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“…1996), restriction of one body part by another; for example, folding hands (Rojahn et al . 1978), requesting or self positioning in physical restraints (Baroff & Tate 1968), wearing particular items (e.g. glasses; Foxx & Dufrense 1984), and holding particular objects (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observation that self‐restraint and SIBs are often associated has led some researchers to hypothesize that self‐restraint is maintained by escape from or avoidance of SIB (e.g. Baroff & Tate 1968; Rojahn et al . 1978; Smith et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive Analysis of Self‐injurious Behaviour and Self‐restraint

Forman

Hall

Oliver

2002

Research Intellect Disabil

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Self-restraint often appears to be associated with self-injurious behaviour (SIB) and has been described as an attempt to prevent or escape from SIB. Research into the determinants of self-restraint is limited and this single case study assesses the environmental determinants of self-restraint and SIB and describes the relationship between the two behaviours. Observations in the natural environment were conducted for 16.5 hours and data were collected on SIB, self-restraint and environmental events.Sequential analysis showed that SIB and self-restraint were unrelated to environmental events and that the behaviours co-varied inversely. SIB occurred at higher than chance levels immediately following self-restraint and also at high levels immediately prior to self-restraint. Whilst these results would appear to support the hypothesis that self-restraint was negatively reinforced by escape from SIB, the data cannot be explained solely by this theory. The implications of these findings for the behavioural theory of SIB and the conceptualisation of self-restraint are discussed.

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“…Observations of self-restraint encourage the guess that it maintains because it impedes self-injurious behavior (Baroff & Tate, 1968;Murphy, 1978, p. 199;Sommers, 1982, p. 4). This is tantamount to supposing that self-restraint is negatively reinforced by escape from or avoidance of self-injury.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, the apparently protective behaviors are incompatible with self-injury: They involve entangling the aggressive limbs in dothing, furniture, or other persons, or placing them under other parts of their own bodies (Baroff & Tate, 1968;Favell, McGimsey, Jones, & Cannon, 1981;Rojahn, Mu-lick, McCoy, & Schroeder, 1978; Sommers, 1982;Traugott & Campbell, 1981). That provocative topography has attracted the label "self-restraint.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Self‐injury and Corresponding Self‐restraint Through the Strategic Use of Protective Clothing

Silverman¹,

Watanabe²,

Marshall³

et al. 1984

J of App Behav Analysis

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We examined the use of protective clothing to reduce a retarded male's face‐punching and leg‐kicking and two corresponding forms of self‐restraint—arm and leg self‐restraint. The resident was observed each day in three sessions of randomly ordered conditions (one condition per session): without any protective clothing, with a padded helmet, and with a padded helmet and padded slippers. Use of the padded helmet substantially reduced face‐punching and arm self‐restraint. The addition of padded slippers reduced leg‐kicking and leg self‐restraint. These results suggest a practical and effective means of controlling self‐injury and self‐restraint. They are also consistent with the possibility that the resident's arm restraint was maintained in part by escape or avoidance of face‐punching and that his leg restraint was maintained in part by escape or avoidance of leg‐kicking.

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The Use of Aversive Stimulation in the Treatment of Chronic Self-Injurious Behavior

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Developing a Technology for the Use of Operant Extinction in Clinical Settings: An Examination of Basic and Applied Research

Developing a Technology for the Use of Operant Extinction in Clinical Settings: An Examination of Basic and Applied Research

Descriptive Analysis of Self‐injurious Behaviour and Self‐restraint

Reducing Self‐injury and Corresponding Self‐restraint Through the Strategic Use of Protective Clothing

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