The use of attenuated isolates of Pepino mosaic virus for cross-protection

Schenk, Martijn; Hamelink, Roel; Vlugt, R.A.A. van der; Vermunt, A.M.W.; Kaarsenmaker, Ruud C.; Stijger, I.

doi:10.1007/s10658-010-9590-4

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…(e.g., Solanum habrochaites and S. pseudocapsicum L.) were found to be resistant to PepMV, cross-species breeding of these resistance genes into tomato could be difficult and time consuming (17,29). Consequently, cross-protection has been used in commercial productions to manage PepMV-caused tomato diseases (27). However, thus far, this practice has generated mixed results, due primarily to the unpredictability of the field-isolated cross-protective PepMV variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the mechanism of cross-protection remains poorly understood, it is well established that the mild strain used to elicit cross-protection must have a high level of genetic similarity with the more symptomatic virus strains in order to exert effective protection (27). Hence, it was postulated that engineered attenuation of a severe wild-type (WT) virus could be an ideal approach to obtain the cross-protective viral variants, because the engineered viral variant would represent a homogenous source of inoculum with a high level of sequence identity to its parental virus (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Generation of an Attenuated, Cross-Protective Pepino mosaic virus Variant Through Alignment-Guided Mutagenesis of the Viral Capsid Protein

et al. 2015

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Mild variants of many viruses are able to protect infected plants from subsequent invasion by more severe variants of the same viruses through a process known as cross-protection. In the past, the cross-protective viral variants were commonly derived from mild field isolates that were sometimes genetically heterogeneous, providing variable levels of cross-protection. Here, we report a novel approach to rapidly generate cross-protective variants of the tomato-infecting Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) independently of the availability of mild field isolates. Our approach sought to attenuate PepMV by mutating less conserved amino acid residues of the abundantly produced capsid protein (CP). These less-conserved amino acid residues were identified through multiple alignments of CPs of six potexviruses including PepMV, and were altered systematically to yield six PepMV mutants. These mutants were subsequently inoculated onto the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana, as well as tomato, to evaluate their accumulation levels, symptom severities, and cross-protection potentials. The mutant KD, in which the threonine (T) and alanine (A) residues at CP positions 66 and 67 were replaced with lysine (K) and aspartic acid (D), respectively, were found to accumulate to low levels in infected plants, cause very mild symptoms, and effectively protect both N. benthamiana and tomato against secondary infections by wild-type PepMV. These data suggest that our approach represents a simple, fast, and reliable way of generating attenuated viral variants capable of cross-protection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Generation of an Attenuated, Cross-Protective Pepino mosaic virus Variant Through Alignment-Guided Mutagenesis of the Viral Capsid Protein

et al. 2015

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“…Mild viruses can also function as elicitors in plants. This principle is used for the biological control of Pepino mosaic virus in tomato which relies on mild variants of the Pepino mosaic virus (Schenk et al, 2010; European Food Safety Authority [EFSA], 2017). Products containing one or a combination of two mild virus isolates are commercially available.…”

Section: Interaction Via Plant Metabolism: Induced Resistance and Primentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of Action of Microbial Biological Control Agents Against Plant Diseases: Relevance Beyond Efficacy

Kolnaar²,

2019

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Microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) are applied to crops for biological control of plant pathogens where they act via a range of modes of action. Some MBCAs interact with plants by inducing resistance or priming plants without any direct interaction with the targeted pathogen. Other MBCAs act via nutrient competition or other mechanisms modulating the growth conditions for the pathogen. Antagonists acting through hyperparasitism and antibiosis are directly interfering with the pathogen. Such interactions are highly regulated cascades of metabolic events, often combining different modes of action. Compounds involved such as signaling compounds, enzymes and other interfering metabolites are produced in situ at low concentrations during interaction. The potential of microorganisms to produce such a compound in vitro does not necessarily correlate with their in situ antagonism. Understanding the mode of action of MBCAs is essential to achieve optimum disease control. Also understanding the mode of action is important to be able to characterize possible risks for humans or the environment and risks for resistance development against the MBCA. Preferences for certain modes of action for an envisaged application of a MBCA also have impact on the screening methods used to select new microbials. Screening of MBCAs in bioassays on plants or plant tissues has the advantage that MBCAs with multiple modes of action and their combinations potentially can be detected whereas simplified assays on nutrient media strongly bias the selection toward in vitro production of antimicrobial metabolites which may not be responsible for in situ antagonism. Risks assessments for MBCAs are relevant if they contain antimicrobial metabolites at effective concentration in the product. However, in most cases antimicrobial metabolites are produced by antagonists directly on the spot where the targeted organism is harmful. Such ubiquitous metabolites involved in natural, complex, highly regulated interactions between microbial cells and/or plants are not relevant for risk assessments. Currently, risks of microbial metabolites involved in antagonistic modes of action are often assessed similar to assessments of single molecule fungicides. The nature of the mode of action of antagonists requires a rethinking of data requirements for the registration of MBCAs.

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“…PepMV epidemics in intensive tomato crops in Spain are caused by both CH2 and EU isolates that co-circulate. Mixed infections with two mild isolates of the EU and CH2 strains (PepMV-Sp13 and -PS5, respectively) have recently been proposed for use in PepMV cross-protection, providing protection against a broad range of aggressive isolates [63][64][65].…”

Section: The First Major Outbreaks Of Whitefly-transmitted Viruses Dumentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Account of Viruses in Intensive Horticultural Crops in the Spanish Mediterranean Arc: New Challenges for a Sustainable Agriculture

et al. 2020

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The epidemiological dynamics followed by viruses in protected horticultural crops in the Mediterranean Arc of Spain has evolved from a majority of those transmitted by aphids to the predominance of whitefly-transmitted ones. Later, due to the shift towards an integrated control that has been quite successful in the control of aleyrodids, not so much in the control of aphids, aphid-borne viruses are having a significant revival in open field cultivation. Another threat is the continuous emergence of new species or variants of mechanically transmitted viruses. Thus, the number of viruses affecting these crops is constantly increasing and their control demands dynamic actions. The main measures that have managed to limit the damage of these diseases have been the improvement in the physical barriers that limit the spread of vectors and the introduction of resistances in the germplasm. Recently, the increased movement of plant materials and of people, the popularity of growing local crop varieties that lack natural resistances against pathogens, and the prospects of global climate change, may well have boosted the frequency of diseases and pests. Faced with this picture, strategies must be addressed from a multidisciplinary approach. The need for in-field diagnostics tools, easy access to information, novel breeding technologies and alternatives to control of these viruses are discussed.

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The use of attenuated isolates of Pepino mosaic virus for cross-protection

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Generation of an Attenuated, Cross-Protective Pepino mosaic virus Variant Through Alignment-Guided Mutagenesis of the Viral Capsid Protein

Generation of an Attenuated, Cross-Protective Pepino mosaic virus Variant Through Alignment-Guided Mutagenesis of the Viral Capsid Protein

Mode of Action of Microbial Biological Control Agents Against Plant Diseases: Relevance Beyond Efficacy

A Historical Account of Viruses in Intensive Horticultural Crops in the Spanish Mediterranean Arc: New Challenges for a Sustainable Agriculture

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