The use of Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) as a bioindicator species for studies on effects of dumped chemical warfare agents in the Skagerrak. 1: Liver histopathology

Impact of munitions corrosion processes on groundwater contamination and techniques for their safe and cost-effective disposal: A case study of a village

“…The results show that such areas require long-lasting groundwater monitoring, even if Pb accumulation is considered insignificant. In the work created by Straumer et al (2020) the relationship between impact of fish to dumped munitions and histopathological changes in the liver is investigated. Fish from the "reference (clean) site" showed less pathology compared to those from the area where munitions were disposed of.…”

Warship wrecks and their munition cargos as a threat to the marine environment and humans: The V 1302 “JOHN MAHN” from World War II

“…Likewise, adverse biological effects and lethal toxicity of explosive chemicals (in the low mg/L range) have been reported for freshwater and marine fish (Lotufo et al, 2013;Lotufo et al, 2010b;Lotufo et al, 2010a;Lotufo and Blackburn, 2010;Nipper et al, 2001). Liver histopathological studies in Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, a sediment-dwelling chordate) indicated pre-neoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions (Straumer et al, 2020). In another study, exposure to dumped CWA (at a wreck site) led to significant differences in the activities of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase in hagfish; catalase and acetylcholinesterase activities were unaltered (Ahvo et al, 2020).…”

Synthesizing the impact of sea-dumped munition and related chemicals on humans and the environment

“…Further, field studies have reported genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in different fish species collected from chemical munition dumping zones in the Baltic Sea (Baršiene et al, 2014(Baršiene et al, , 2016 and in the Southern Adriatic Sea (della Torre et al, 2013). Straumer et al 2020 used liver histopathology (Straumer et al, 2020) and Ahvo et al 2020used biochemical biomarkers (Ahvo et al, 2020 of the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) as bioindicators of the effects of CWAs. Further, following the concept previously described for CMCs, caged mussels have also been suggested as multi-biomarker species of dumped chemical weapons (Lastumäki et al, 2020).…”