Forming a continuous clastic apron near the coast, the mainly Neogene Barreiras Formation records the last peak of erosion in the hinterland, which coincided with the onset of more arid climates at *13 Myear or earlier. Dissected pediments and sparse debris fans visible at the base of some escarpments suggest recent erosive activity and possible slope retreat during the Late Cenozoic. A study of landforms located near zones of seismotectonic activity indicates a possible, probably weak, contribution of neotectonics to the formation of a few high scarps. Many of them are mainly inherited landforms, initiated during the Early Cretaceous rifting or the later margin uplift, a situation which suggests long-term stability. Later on, except in high inner tablelands (Chapada do Araripe), only slight or local backwearing took place, associated with downwearing on low surfaces and pediments, probably in diachronic ways. The Neogene clastic sedimentation on piedmonts and coastal areas mainly reflects the occurrence of dry periods inducing widespread stripping of deep soil horizons and erosion of bare rock slopes and surfaces. Dissection stages occurred in periods of more humid climate and/or low sea level. Marks of strong recent or present activity are mainly registered in the rims of the Chapada do Araripe, owing to favorable structural, hydrogeological and climatic conditions. The moderate volumes of Neogene clastic sediments imply overall low uplift and erosion rates until the present, favorable to morphological and lithological resistance effects in the landscapes. However, slope instabilities are not uncommon, locally leading to well-characterized processes, landforms, and deposits of gullying and mass wasting. Therefore, hazards related to slope processes should not be neglected in large parts of the study area.