The Use of an Orographic Precipitation Model to Assess the Precipitation Spatial Distribution in Lake Kinneret Watershed

Shamir, Eylon; Rimmer, Alon; Georgakakos, Konstantine P.

doi:10.3390/w8120591

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In reality, there is inhomogeneity, with locally and temporally intensified bursts of rain that alternate with dry/drier spells. Even over relatively small distances, spatial focusing (e.g., orographic effects) imparts factor-3 differences between high and low rainfall values (Shamir et al, 2016). Over larger distances, such contrasts are likely to be stronger.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for archaeologically relevant Holocene climate impacts in the Aegean-Levantine region (easternmost Mediterranean)

Rohling

Marino

Grant

et al. 2019

Quaternary Science Reviews

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A repeating pattern of multi-centennial-scale Holocene climate events has been widely (globally) documented, and they were termed Rapid Climate Change (RCC) events. Non-seasalt potassium ion (K +) series in Greenland ice cores provide wellconstrained timings for the events, and a direct timing relationship has been inferred between these events and the frequency of northerly cold polar/continental air outbreaks over the eastern Mediterranean Sea through gaps in the mountain ranges along the northern margin of the basin. There also appears to be a remarkable timing agreement with major archaeological turnover events in the Aegean/Levantine region. Yet no physically consistent assessment exists for understanding the regional climatic impacts of the events around this critical region. We present a simple 2-dimensional Lagrangian model, which yields a broad suite of physically coherent simulations of the impacts of frequency changes in winter-time northerly air outbreaks over the Aegean/Levantine region. We validate this with existing reconstructions from palaeoclimate proxy data, with emphasis on well-validated sea-surface temperature reconstructions and a highly resolved cave speleothem stable oxygen isotope record from Lebanon. Given that the RCCs were clearly marked by negative sea surface temperature anomalies in the region, we find that the predominant climatic impacts of this winter-time mechanism were "cold and wet," in contrast with intercalated "warmer and more arid" conditions of non-RCC periods. More specifically, the RCCs are found to be periods of highly variable conditions, with an overall tendency toward cold and wet conditions with potential for flash flooding and for episodic snow-cover at low altitudes, at least in the lower-altitude (lower 1 to 1.5 km) regions of Crete and the Levant. The modelled winter-anomaly process cannot address underlying longer-term, astronomically forced trends, or the relatively warm and arid anomalies in between RCCs. The latter require further study, for example with respect to potential (summertime?) extension of evaporative subtropical conditions over the region. Finally, our results imply that the "amount effect" observed in Levantine cave δ 18 O (and precipitation or drip-water δ 18 O) may not reflect the conventional concept related to temperature-dependent fractionation and Rayleigh distillation. Instead, it appears to arise from a complex and somewhat counter-intuitive mixing, in shifting proportionalities, between advected (external) and evaporated (Mediterranean) moisture.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for archaeologically relevant Holocene climate impacts in the Aegean-Levantine region (easternmost Mediterranean)

Rohling

Marino

Grant

et al. 2019

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…Several methods can be used to quantify the hydrological status after land use changes, but there is no consensus to standardize one method for regional or global contexts [16,17]. For example, the paired-watershed method is commonly used for small watersheds to detect hydrological differences among similar basins with different land uses [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Effects of Land Use Changes on Runoff and Nitrate Loads in the Talar River

Kavian

Mohammadi

Gholami

et al. 2018

Water

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This research surveyed the effects of land use changes on flow nitrate pollution in the Talar River (northern Iran), using Landsat images of 1991 and 2013 and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The results indicated that forest areas decreased by 14.9% and irrigated crops, dry land farming areas, range lands and residential areas increased by 46.8%, 31.1%, 4.7% and 17.5%, respectively. To calibrate and validate the studied period, the Nash Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and coefficient of determination (R 2 ) were applied, ranging from 0.57 to 0.75 and from 0.62 to 0.76 for flow simulation and 0.84 and 0.63 and 0.75 and 0.83 for nitrate simulation, respectively. The results of land use scenarios indicated that respective water flow and nitrate loads increased by 34. 4% and 42.2% in 1991-2013 and may even increase by 42.3% and 55.9% in the simulated period of 2013-2050 in all sub-basins. It is likely that the main reason for these results was due to the increase in agricultural activities and the decrease in forestry areas. Our findings showed the useful combination of modelling techniques (land cover changes and SWAT) to develop valuable maps able to design correct land management plans and nature-based solutions for water quality of runoff water harvesting systems in the future.

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“…On the first hand, global hydrological models provide soil WSC but with a sparse spatial resolution. On the other hand, catchment water balance is representative of catchment WSC but is still particularly difficult to assess from local hydro-meteorological measurements in a mountainous context because topography or land-cover variations make rainfall and evapotranspiration fluxes highly heterogeneous and consequently difficult to monitor (Shamir et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Monitoring with a Superconducting Gravimeter As a Proxy for Water Storage Changes in a Mountain Catchment

Chaffaut¹,

Hinderer²,

Masson³

et al. 2020

International Association of Geodesy Symposia

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In mountainous area, spring water constitutes the only drinking water resource and local economy is highly dependent on forest health and productivity. However, climate change is expected to make extreme water shortage episodes more and more frequent. Forest is therefore more and more exposed to water stress. It appears necessary to quantify the drought induced by water deficit to evaluate forest vulnerability and to plan the future of forest management. In this study we quantified the 2018 water deficit experienced by the forest in the Strengbach catchment, located in the French Vosges mountains. Three methods for estimating catchment water storage changes (WSC) have been compared. The first relies on superconducting gravimeter monitoring while the second relies on catchment water balance. The third one relies on global hydrological model MERRA2. We show that WSC estimated from measured gravity changes correlate well with WSC estimated from catchment water balance while WSC inferred from MERRA2 significantly differs. The Strengbach catchment water cycle is mostly annual but exhibits significant interannual variability associated with the 2018 drought episode: August 2018 has a water deficit of 37 mm (as inferred from catchment water balance) or 76 mm (as seen with superconducting gravimetry) compared to August 2017. We illustrate here the use of superconducting gravimeter monitoring as an independent proxy for WSC in a mountainous catchment while most of hydro-gravimetric studies have been conducted on relatively flat areas. We therefore contribute to expand the area of use of high precision gravity monitoring for the hydrological characterization of the critical zone in mountainous context. This innovative method may help to assess forest vulnerability to drought in the context of climate change.

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The Use of an Orographic Precipitation Model to Assess the Precipitation Spatial Distribution in Lake Kinneret Watershed

Cited by 11 publications

References 69 publications

A model for archaeologically relevant Holocene climate impacts in the Aegean-Levantine region (easternmost Mediterranean)

A model for archaeologically relevant Holocene climate impacts in the Aegean-Levantine region (easternmost Mediterranean)

Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Effects of Land Use Changes on Runoff and Nitrate Loads in the Talar River

Continuous Monitoring with a Superconducting Gravimeter As a Proxy for Water Storage Changes in a Mountain Catchment

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