The use of activated carbon and graphite for the development of lead-acid batteries for hybrid vehicle applications

Fernández, M.; Valenciano, J.; Trinidad, Francisco; Muñoz, N.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.12.131

Cited by 132 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A potential mechanism for the increase in capacity that Moseley put forward was that the carbon could be acting as a capacitive component, much like in electrochemical capacitors, adding a capacitive energy storage component to the battery. The addition of a capacitive component was also presented by Fernandez, et al 15 who attributed the dramatic improvement they observed in charge acceptance to the capacitive effect. Moseley also indicated a potential detrimental effect of carbon additions-if their impurity level is high, the impurities may facilitate detrimental side reactions (e.g., such as water reduction) resulting in a loss of capacity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

Understanding the function and performance of carbon-enhanced lead-acid batteries : milestone report for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program (FY11 Quarter 4: July through September 2011).

Ferreira¹,

Rodney²,

Enos³

2011

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mentioning

confidence: 69%

Understanding the function and performance of carbon-enhanced lead-acid batteries : milestone report for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program (FY11 Quarter 4: July through September 2011).

Ferreira¹,

Rodney²,

Enos³

2011

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“…Fernandez, et al [7] where they mainly concentrated on addition of graphite with different surface area carbon.…”

Section: Charge Acceptancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Li, et al [6], electrochemically active carbon can prolong cycle life of VRLA batteries under HRPSoC duty, but it may increase the evolution rate D DAVID PUBLISHING of hydrogen on the negative plates during the charging process. A few researchers suggested the addition of graphite enhances charge acceptance of batteries [7,8] by elimination of surface build up of lead sulphate. Saravanan, et al [9] proved that, replacing half of the spongy lead negative paste in negative plate with carbon plate has significantly improved the cycle life of lead-acid batteries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Properties of Carbon Materials on Performance of VRLA Batteries

Nethaji¹,

Srinivas²,

Murthy³

et al. 2015

JEPE

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Abstract:In the present study, the relationship between properties of different carbon materials and their impact on performance of VRLA (valve regulated lead acid) battery was studied. The material properties undertaken for the study are: surface area, conductivity and water absorption of the carbon. The electrode morphology revealed the uniform distribution of active material when high surface area carbon was added to NAM (negative active material). The porosity of the plate also exhibited changes with respect to type of carbon materials added. The study further revealed that, the addition of high surface area carbon (~1,400 m 2 /g) improves the charge acceptance of the battery with higher loading. Further improvement in charge acceptance was observed with addition of graphite to higher surface area carbon. Nevertheless, the float current of the battery got affected due to graphite loading and found there was no impact on shelf life of the battery in all the cases. The study demonstrates the need for customized "carbon formulation" to obtain the maximum performance out of the battery.

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“…Several studies have shown that the PbSO4 buildup on negative electrode can be dramatically reduced by introduction of carbon on the negative active layer [7][8][9][10]. The influence of the carbon additives on the electrochemical performance of Pb-acid battery is governed by their material characteristics such as average particle size, total surface area and electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports of Pavlov [7,8] shows that the addition of Carbon Black into the negative active layer have improvements on battery performance during the simulated electrical test. Reports of Baca [9] and Fernandez [10]reported that the addition of Graphite and Graphite-Carbon combinations into the negative electrode have significant beneficial effects on the capacity and cyle life of Pb-acid battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Investigation of Carbon as Additive to the Negative Electrode of Lead-Acid Battery

Fernandez

Mulimbayan

Mena

2015

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The increasing demand of cycle life performance of Pb-acid batteries requires the improvement of the negative Pb electrode's charge capacity. Electrochemical investigations were performed on Pb electrode and Pb+Carbon (Carbon black and Graphite) electrodes to evaluate the ability of the additives to enhance the electrochemical faradaic reactions that occur during the cycle of Pb-acid battery negative electrode. The electrodes were characterized through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Potentiodynamic Polarization (PP), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). CV revealed that the addition of carbon on the Pb electrode increased anodic and cathodicreactions by tenfold. The kinetics of PbSO4 passivation measured through PPrevealed that the addition of Carbon on the Pb electrode accelerated the oxide formation by tenfold magnitude. The Nyquist plot measured through EIS suggest that the electrochemical mechanism and reaction kinetics is under charge-transfer. From the equivalent circuit and physical model, Pb+CB1 electrode has the lowest EIS parameters while Pb+G has the highest which is attributed to faster faradaic reaction.The Nyquist plot of the passivated Pb+CB1 electrode showed double semicircular shape. The first layer represents to the bulk passive PbSO4 layer and the second layer represents the Carbon+PbSO4 layer. The enhancements upon addition of carbon on the Pb electrode were attributed to the additive's electrical conductivity and total surface area. The electrochemical active sites for the PbSO4 to nucleate and spread increases upon addition of electrical conductive and high surface area carbon additives.

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The use of activated carbon and graphite for the development of lead-acid batteries for hybrid vehicle applications

Cited by 132 publications

References 10 publications

Understanding the function and performance of carbon-enhanced lead-acid batteries : milestone report for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program (FY11 Quarter 4: July through September 2011).

Understanding the function and performance of carbon-enhanced lead-acid batteries : milestone report for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program (FY11 Quarter 4: July through September 2011).

Effect of Properties of Carbon Materials on Performance of VRLA Batteries

Electrochemical Investigation of Carbon as Additive to the Negative Electrode of Lead-Acid Battery

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