The use of acetylethyleneimine in the production of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines

Brown, F.; Hyslop, N. St. G.; Crick, Joan; Morrow, A. W.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400039620

Cited by 57 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Industrial production of inactivated vaccines was started by replacing tongue epithelium culture with pig kidney or baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells for virus cultivation for vaccine production. Further advancements in inactivated FMD virus production included the growth of FMDV in BHK cell suspension cultures in the 1960s [17], the introduction of ethyleneimines for FMDV inactivation [16], and the use of oil-adjuvant in the 1970s. Currently, a trivalent binary ethyleneimine (BEI) inactivated oil adjuvanted vaccine containing serotypes O, A and Asia1 is being produced and used in India.…”

Section: Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

et al. 2012

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a transboundary, economically devastating and highly contagious viral disease of livestock, most importantly cattle, buffalo and pig. The disease also affects goats, sheep, wild ruminant species and elephants. The causative FMD virus is antigenically diverse having seven distinct serotypes and many variants within them. Being a single stranded RNA virus, it confirms the quasispecies nature with emergences and reemergences of different genetic lineages with altered antigenicity within the serotypes, making vaccination based control programme a high cost effective, time consuming and difficult to achieve. As per the OIE and FAO, the disease is a major threat to food security of the world, and particularly the countries having the disease are more prone to food insecurity. Further, FMD free status is an indicator of development, and all developed countries are free from it. The disease is endemic in India and three serotypes of the virus viz; O, A and Asia1 are circulating. Annual direct loss due to FMD in India has been estimated at Rs. 20,000 crores. Many countries in the world are now free from FMD with or without vaccination and presence of the disease in other neighboring countries is a major threat to them. Countries having FMD face trade barrier posed by FMD free countries, causing heavy economic loss to the livestock industry. Progressive control pathway has been developed by FAO for global eradication of FMD. Vaccination based FMD control programme is in operation in India which involves biannual vaccinations of all cattle and buffaloes in selected areas, regular active surveillance and antibody monitoring in vaccinated population with the objective of creating FMD free zones. At present, the disease occurrence, severity of the clinical disease and number of outbreaks have progressively and substantially declined in the control zones as a result of last 10 rounds of vaccination with an oil adjuvanted trivalent inactivated vaccine. In this review, FMD scenario in India and in the world is briefed. Besides, the measures taken for the control and eradication of this devastating disease is presented. Besides, the initial success achieved through the FMD control programme in India, a road map for the control and eradication of FMD at national level is discussed.

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Section: Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

et al. 2012

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“…Infective FMD virus, in BHK21 tissue culture harvests, was inactivated at 4 0( for 48 h with 0-05 % (v/v) acetylethyleneimine (AEI), after which the reaction was stopped by addition of excess sodium thiosulphate (Brown, Hyslop, Crick & Morrow, 1963). The non-infective virus particles were then purified according to Brown & Cartwright (1963) Absorption of antiserum Antiserum, diluted 1/4, was mixed with 107 normal BHK21 cells per ml, then incubated for 1 h at 20 0C followed by overnight at 4 0(, before being subjected to two successive cycles of centrifuging at 40000 rev./min for 2 h in the MSE 10 x 10 angle rotor.…”

Section: Inactivation and Purification Of Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-response relationships in a microneutralization test for foot-and-mouth disease viruses

Booth¹,

Rweyemamu²,

Pay³

1978

J. Hyg.

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“…Methods of inactivation of FMD virus (FMDV) for commercial vaccine production center today on the use of aziridine inactivants (3,6); but the methods used for concentration, purification and the selection of adjuvants are varied and usually proprietary. Generally, the concentration of vaccine Animals Four groups of ten nine-month old Nelore heifers were used for this study.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle response to foot‐and‐mouth disease virus nonstructural proteins as antigens within vaccines produced using different concentrations

Liu

Lopez

Ramalho

et al. 1998

Veterinary Quarterly

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The use of acetylethyleneimine in the production of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines

Cited by 57 publications

References 6 publications

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

Dose-response relationships in a microneutralization test for foot-and-mouth disease viruses

Cattle response to foot‐and‐mouth disease virus nonstructural proteins as antigens within vaccines produced using different concentrations

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