The use of a wave prediction model for driving a near-surface current model

Jenkins, Alastair D.

doi:10.1007/bf02226291

Cited by 71 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained (Jenkins 1989) when the monochromatic wave field was replaced by results from a numerical wave model (Komen and others 1994).…”

Section: Ekman Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 80%

Some aspects of the work of V.W. Ekman

Jenkins¹,

Bye²

2006

Polar Record

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ABSTRACT. The climatic conditions in the Arctic, and observations of the wind-induced drift of ice made in connexion with Fridtjof Nansen's Fram expedition, led to the discovery 100 years ago by Vilhelm Bjerknes' pupil, V.W. Ekman, of the importance of the Earth's rotation in limiting the depth of the wind-induced shear current in the ocean. This essay commemorates the centenary of Ekman's seminal paper, which was published in 1905. The paper presents a concise summary of Ekman's contributions to physical oceanography and a brief review of their continuing impact. The two key concepts are the Ekman spiral (the helical rotation of the velocity vector, in atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers) and the resultant Ekman pumping (vertical motions in the water column associated with the divergence of the flow in the surface layer in the presence of a rotational wind-stress field). Later work has revealed how the magnitude and direction of the surface current relative to the wind vector is influenced by the presence of surface waves and the behaviour of the turbulent flow in the near-surface layer of the ocean. However, the structure of Ekman's original viscous coupling model remains a permanent legacy to physical oceanographers.

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“…Similar results were obtained (Jenkins 1989) when the monochromatic wave field was replaced by results from a numerical wave model (Komen and others 1994).…”

Section: Ekman Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 80%

Some aspects of the work of V.W. Ekman

Jenkins¹,

Bye²

2006

Polar Record

Self Cite

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“…Stokes drift in the IPB model-The Stokes drift is calculated for each vertical layer of the ocean model by integrating the two-dimensional wave energy spectrum E(v, h) from the wave model (Jenkins 1989;Saetra et al 2007):…”

Section: Ptm-as Ptm We Use the Lagrangian Advection And Diffusion Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) but also considered for its influence on the Eulerian mean flow. To obtain estimates of Lagrangian particle transport, it is therefore necessary to complement the ocean model with a wave model (Jenkins 1989;Saetra et al 2007). Furthermore, the Coriolis force acts on wave momentum, giving rise to the Coriolis-Stokes force that accelerates a Eulerian mean flow (Ursell 1950).…”

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confidence: 99%

Wave‐induced transport and vertical mixing of pelagic eggs and larvae

Röhrs

Christensen

Vikebø

et al. 2014

Limnology & Oceanography

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The transport of pelagic plankton by wind-driven ocean currents and surface gravity waves is investigated for the example of Northeast Arctic cod eggs and larvae on the coast of northern Norway. Previous studies indicate that the wave-induced drift (i.e., Stokes drift) is relevant for the transport of particles in the upper ocean. We use an ocean general circulation model together with a numerical wave prediction model and a Lagrangian particle tracking model to calculate trajectories of fish eggs and larvae. Waves are considered not only for particle drift but also for the air-sea momentum flux, its contribution to the Coriolis force, and vertical mixing. The sample species provides the advantage that many of its physical and behavioral properties are well known (e.g., egg buoyancy), allowing investigation of vertical particle displacement by turbulent mixing in response to wind forcing and wave breaking. The approach accounting for particle mixing by breaking waves enhances agreement between observed and modeled egg profiles. Results also show a general shoreward transport of particles by the Stokes drift. This wave drift exhibits a more constant direction than the Eulerian current and hence stabilizes particle diffusion to favor a dominant direction. For the case of Northeast Arctic cod, waves concentrated model eggs and larvae on average 1.5 km closer to shore, which is 20% of their total distance to the coast. This increases the residence time of first-feeding larvae close to the spawning areas compared to earlier models.

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“…Weber 617 et al (2006) and also the papers by Jenkins (1986Jenkins ( , 1989), an issue to be addressed using the TWM 618 framework in future work. the quasi-EM equations, a topic we shall discuss in the context of the TWM equations in a later paper.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Komen et al, 1994;Jenkins, 1989) the thin viscous boundary layer associated with the waves and which, in any case, will not be resolved 609…”

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confidence: 99%

Thickness-Weighted Mean Theory for the Effect of Surface Gravity Waves on Mean Flows in the Upper Ocean

Aiki

Greatbatch

2012

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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The residual effect of surface gravity waves on mean flows in the upper ocean is investigated using thicknessweighted mean (TWM) theory applied in a vertically Lagrangian and horizontally Eulerian coordinate system. Depth-dependent equations for the conservation of volume, momentum, and energy are derived. These equations allow for (i) finite amplitude fluid motions, (ii) the horizontal divergence of currents and (iii) a concise treatment of both the kinematic and viscous boundary conditions at the sea surface.Under the assumptions of steady and monochromatic waves and a uniform turbulent viscosity, the TWM momentum equations are used to illustrate the pressure-and viscosity-induced momentum fluxes through the surface that are implicit in previous studies of the wave-induced modification of the classical Ekman spiral problem. The TWM approach clarifies, in particular, the surface momentum flux associated with the so-called virtual wave stress of Longuet-Higgins. Overall the TWM framework can be regarded as an alternative to the three-dimensional Lagrangian mean framework of Pierson. Moreover the TWM framework can be used to include the residual effect of surface waves in large-scale circulation models. In specific models that carry the TWM velocity appropriate for advecting tracers as their velocity variable, the turbulent viscosity term should be modified so that the viscosity acts only on the Eulerian mean velocity.2

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The use of a wave prediction model for driving a near-surface current model

Cited by 71 publications

References 26 publications

Some aspects of the work of V.W. Ekman

Some aspects of the work of V.W. Ekman

Wave‐induced transport and vertical mixing of pelagic eggs and larvae

Thickness-Weighted Mean Theory for the Effect of Surface Gravity Waves on Mean Flows in the Upper Ocean

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