The Use of a Universal Force-Moment Sensor to Determine In-Situ Forces in Ligaments: A New Methodology

Fujie, Hiromichi; Livesay, Glen A.; Woo, Savio L‐Y.; Kashiwaguchi, Shinji; Blomstrom, G. L.

doi:10.1115/1.2792266

Cited by 200 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The UFS is able to nieasiire three forces and three moments along and about a Cartesian coordinate system defined with respect to the sensor. and its application toward non-contact force measureinent in soft tissues has been previously validated [6]. The UFS was positioned on the testing apparatus so that its coordinate gystem was aligned with the axes of a reference coordinate system defined with respect to the scapula (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of rotator cuff tears on reaction forces at the glenohumeral joint

Parsons

Apreleva

et al. 2002

Journal Orthopaedic Research

201

105

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The rotator cuff muscles maintain glenohumeral stability by compressing the hunieral head into the glenoid. Disruption of the rotator cuff compromises concavity compression and can directly affect the loads on the glenohumeral joint. The purpose of this study was to quantify tlie effect of rotator cuff tears on the magnitude and direction of glenohumeral joint reaction forces during active shoulder abduction in the scapular plane using nine cadaveric upper extremities. Motion of the full upper extremity was simulated using a dynamic shoulder testing apparatus. Glenohumeral joint reaction forces were measured by a universal forcemoment sensor. Five conditions of rotator cuff tears were tested: Intcict, bicoiiiplete Suprcispiiiutus Teur, Coiiiplete SLil)rcis~)iiicitus Teur, Supru.~~~inutuslInfi.u.~piizatirs Tear, and Global Tear. Reaction forces a t the glenohumeral joint were found to steadily increase throughout abduction and peaked at maximum abduction for all conditions tested. There were no significant differences in reaction force magnitude for the intact condition (337 f 88 N) or those involving an isolated incomplete tear (296 f 83 N ) or complete tear (300 f 85 N) of the supraspinatus tendon. Extension of tears beyond the supraspinatus tendon into the anterior and posterior aspect of the rotator cuff led to a significant decrease in the magnitude of joint reaction force (126 f 31 N). Similarly, such tears resulted in a significant change in the direction of the reaction force at the glenohumeral joint. These results suggest that joint reaction forces are significantly affected by the integrity of the rotator cuff, specifically, by tlie transverse force couple formed by the anterior and posterior aspects of the cuff. The quantitative data obtained in this study on the effect of rotator cuff tears on magnitude and direction of the reaction force a t the glenohumeral joint helps clarify the relationship between joint motion, joint compression and stability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of rotator cuff tears on reaction forces at the glenohumeral joint

Parsons

Apreleva

et al. 2002

Journal Orthopaedic Research

201

105

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“…27,28 The robotic manipulator (KR 125; KUKA Robots) is capable of achieving position control in six degrees of freedom (DOF) of motion. The UFS (FTI Theta 1500-240; Schunk) can measure three orthogonal forces and three orthogonal moments.…”

Section: Robotic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healing of the Goat Anterior Cruciate Ligament After a New Suture Repair Technique and Bioscaffold Treatment

Nguyen

Geel

Schulze

et al. 2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Primary suture repair of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been used clinically in an attempt to heal the ruptured ACL. The results, however, were not satisfactory, which in retrospect can be attributed to the used suturing technique and the suboptimal healing conditions. These constraining conditions can be improved by introducing a new suturing technique and by using small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as a bioscaffold. It is hypothesized that the suturing technique keep the torn ends together and that SIS enhance and promote the healing of the ACL. The goat was used as the study model. In the Suture group, the left ACL was transected and suture repaired with a new locking suture repair technique (n = 5) allowing approximation and fixation under tension. The Suture-SIS group underwent the same procedure with the addition of SIS (n = 5). The right ACL served as control. After 12 weeks of healing, anterior-posterior translation and in situ force of the healing ACL were measured, followed by the measurement of the cross-sectional area and structural stiffness. Routine histology was performed on tissue samples. Gross morphology showed that the healing ACL was continuous with collagenous tissue in both groups. The cross-sectional area of the Suture and the Suture-SIS group was 35% and 50% of the intact control, respectively. The anterior-posterior translations at different flexion angles were statistically not different between the Suture group and the Suture-SIS group. Only the in situ force at 30°in the Suture-SIS group was higher than in the Suture group. Tensile tests showed that the stiffness for the Suture group was not different from the Suture-SIS group (31.1 -8.1 N/mm vs. 41.9 -18.0 N/mm [p > 0.05]). Histology showed longitudinally aligned collagen fibers from origo to insertion. More fibroblasts were present in the healing tissue than in the control intact tissue. The study demonstrated the proof of concept of ACL repair in a goat model with a new suture technique and SIS. The mechanical outcome is not worse than previously reported for ACL reconstruction. In conclusion, the approach of using a new suture technique, with or without a bioscaffold to heal the ACL is promising.

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“…Specimens were then mounted onto the robotic/UFS testing system, 19,29,30 which records the six DOF joint motion applied via a robotic manipulator (Puma Model 762; Unimate, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA). With force feedback from the UFS (Model 4015; JR3, Inc., Woodland, CA), the system can apply and measure forces and moments to the stifle joint in 6-DOF.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To accomplish our objective, goat stifle joints were tested on a robotic/universal force-moment sensor (UFS) testing system 19,29,30 at 308, 608, and 908 of flexion. The remaining five DOF kinematics of the intact, ACLdeficient, and suture augmented joints as well as the in situ forces in the intact ACL and augmentation sutures could be measured and compared.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bone tunnel placement for suture augmentation of an injured anterior cruciate ligament: Effects on joint stability in a goat model

Fisher

Jung

McMahon

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Use of novel tissue engineering approaches to heal an injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) requires suture repair and/or augmentation to provide joint stability. We evaluated the effects of the location of suture augmentation at the femur and tibia in terms of joint stability using a goat model. Eight goat stifle joints were tested with augmentation sutures placed in two femoral tunnel locations: (1) anterior to, or (2) through the ACL footprint, and two tibial tunnel locations: (1) medial to, or (2) medial and lateral to the footprint. Using a robotic/ universal force-moment sensor testing system, the anterior tibial translation (ATT) and the corresponding in situ force carried by the sutures were obtained at 308, 608, and 908 of flexion in response to external loads. No significant differences were found between augmentation groups due to tunnel location in terms of ATT or the in situ forces carried by the sutures at all flexion angles tested. Similar results were found under 5 N m of varus-valgus torque. Under a 67 N anterior tibial load, the ATT was restored to within 3 mm of the intact joint following suture augmentation (p > 0.05). Suture augmentation, when placed close to the ACL insertion, could be helpful in providing initial joint stability to aid ACL healing in the goat model. ß

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The Use of a Universal Force-Moment Sensor to Determine In-Situ Forces in Ligaments: A New Methodology

Cited by 200 publications

References 18 publications

The effect of rotator cuff tears on reaction forces at the glenohumeral joint

The effect of rotator cuff tears on reaction forces at the glenohumeral joint

Healing of the Goat Anterior Cruciate Ligament After a New Suture Repair Technique and Bioscaffold Treatment

Evaluation of bone tunnel placement for suture augmentation of an injured anterior cruciate ligament: Effects on joint stability in a goat model

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