The use of a single-case research design to investigate the efficacy of imagery training

The role of Tai Chi Chuan in reducing state anxiety and enhancing mood of children with special needs

“…Single-case research designs are particularly useful with this population as researchers seek to describe how isolated factors function or are affected by specific interventions while also taking into account individual variation (e.g. Hyrcaiko and Martin, 1996;Mutrie, 1997;Shambrook and Bull, 1996;Tenenbaum and Bar-Eli, 1995). Additionally, little prior work has been carried out with respect to the psychological effects of a movement intervention like Tai Chi on children with special needs.…”

Tracking Technical Refinement in Elite Performers: The Good, the Better, and the Ugly

“…Despite this confusion, mental effort ( Figure 3A) was reportedly low and decreasing during the pre- Importantly, a limitation of the split-middle technique is that it assumes no limits to achieving the predicted trend (cf. Shambrook & Bull, 1996); whereas, variability cannot be negative (or probably even zero for this type of task), which was predicted in this case study and Case Study 2 (see Figure 2C and 2D). As already mentioned, while statistical analyses (even simple ones) might appear to add objectivity to interpreting data, we recommend readers to consider what would constitute a meaningful rather than statistical difference between intervention phases, with the pattern of trends being the main focus.…”

“…Significant differences would therefore suggest that the training had caused a difference in the variable being analysed. Such analyses are common when conducting single case study research (e.g., Mesagno & Mullane-Grant, 2010;Shambrook & Bull, 1996) and can enhance objectivity when compared to visual inspection alone.…”

Avaliação da eficácia de um programa de treino de visualização mental num escalão de formação desportiva no basquetebol

“…Uma das estratégias mais utilizadas pelos profissionais de Psicologia integrados em contextos desportivos é a VM (Shambrook & Bull, 1996). No entanto, os resultados dos estudos nem sempre têm possibilitado conclusões consistentes, existindo autores que colocam algumas dúvidas quanto à eficácia das estratégias utilizadas e às dimensões da VM a utilizar (ver Lamirand & Rainey, 1994;Savoy & Beitel, 1996;Templin & Vernacchia, 1995), enquanto outros têm vindo a afirmar o peso do treino mental (e da VM) na melhoria das capacidades motoras dos atletas e do rendimento desportivo (ver Kendall et al, 1990;Shambrook & Bull, 1996;Suedfeld & Bruno, 1990;Wollman, 1986).…”