The use of a radial haemolysis test for neuraminidase antibodies in the diagnosis of influenza A infection

Grilli, E. A.; Smith, Alyson

doi:10.1017/s0022172400060125

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Evidence of B19 infection was found in 7 of the early cases and in 16 of the later ones. In the early cases the diagnosis was made by detecting antibody seroconversions, but in 9 of the later cases B19 virus DNA was detected either in the acute phase blood (7) or in the throat swab (2). All of these 9 were in junior boys, 4 of whom had had 2 episodes of influenza-like illness (J4-6 and J1O -see Table 2) and one of whom went on to develop a rash 7 days later at which time B19 specific IgM was detected in his blood (Ji8).…”

Section: Investigation Of Pupils With Influenza-like Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent outbreaks of influenza and parvovirus B19 in a boys' boarding school

Grilli

Anderson²,

Hoskins³

1989

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYIn the spring term of 1985 there was a protracted outbreak of upper respiratory tract febrile illness consistent with a clinical diagnosis of influenza in a boys' boarding school, which lasted from 23 January to 29 March. Although influenza virus infection was confirmed in 89 % of cases in the first half of the term, 53 % of the cases which occurred in the second half of the term had no evidence of infection with influenza virus. Between 5 February and 31 March 28 boys presented with skin rashes consistent with a clinical diagnosis of erythema infectiosum; 68 % of these were associated with parvovirus B19. Investigation of the cases of clinical influenza with no identified respiratory pathogen revealed a 58% infection rate with B19. B19 DNA was identified in either throat swabs or acute stage bloods of nine pupils with influenza-like symptoms.Cohort studies revealed that 44% of pupils aged 15-16 years were immune before the outbreak compared with only 17 % of pupils aged 11-12 years. Infection in the younger group was common and was associated with influenzalike illnesses as well as rashes. Forty-eight per cent of those who did not report any symptoms were also infected with B19.

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Section: Investigation Of Pupils With Influenza-like Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent outbreaks of influenza and parvovirus B19 in a boys' boarding school

Grilli

Anderson²,

Hoskins³

1989

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Details of the laboratory investigations performed on these swabs have been reported elsewhere (Grilli & Smith, 1983).…”

Section: Laboratory Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) using strains of influenza A HINI was performed by the method described previously (Grilli & Smith, 1983). A titre of 20 was taken to indicate antibody to the haemagglutinin and a four-fold or greater rise in antibody titre as evidence of infection.…”

Section: Laboratory Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radial haemolysis (RH) was performed in Hyland immunoplates (Travenol Laboratories, Thetford) with 2 mm diameter wells and 3,l unit volumes of serum as described previously (Grilli & Smith, 1983). Sera were tested against three strains of the virus representative of drifts which had occurred over the study period.…”

Section: Laboratory Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in zone diameter of at least 1 mm between paired sera tested on the same plate was taken to indicate a significant rise in antibody. Stock viruses were grown in the allantoic cavity of 10-day embryonated hens' eggs and the harvests were prepared by the method described previously (Grilli & Smith, 1983).…”

Section: Laboratory Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection with influenza A H1N1: 1. Production and persistence of antibody

Grilli

Davies

Smith

1986

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThree outbreaks of influenza caused by influenza A H1N1 occurred in a boys' boarding school in 1978, 1979 and 1983. The serological response to infection with variants of the H1N1 virus was studied by radial haemolysis and haemagglutination inhibition after primary infection and reinfection. The persistence of this antibody was also studied. Infection in 1978 resulted in the production of persistent antibody to both the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the homotypic strain. Antibody which cross-reacted with later variants of the virus was less frequently produced, the peak response was delayed and such antibody persisted less well. Infection in 1979 resulted in a similar response to that observed in 1978 after primary infection. Reinfection resulted in a broad response in all cases. In 1983 all infected boys produced antibody which reacted with the homotypic strain but only approximately one-third of primary infections produced antibody which reacted with the A/USSR/92/77 strain. The neuraminidase of the A/USSR strain failed to detect one third of the primary infections. Reinfection again resulted in a broad response.

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Determination of Antibody to Respiratory Pathogens

Schwartzman¹,

Kamforin²

1989

Reviews on Immunoassay Technology

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Qualitative evaluation and quantitative determination of antibody to respiratory pathogens represents a substantial part of research and applied virology. These investigations can serve quite different purposes. Epidemiologists need the serological data necessary for the control of influenza and other respiratory infections and for elucidating aetiological peculiarities of past infections. A system of constant surveillance of influenza morbidity and seroepidemiological status of the population has been organized in the USSR. The herd immunity is assessed as to circulating influenza viruses and some older strains which have gone out of circulation. The results obtained are important not only for current epidemiological analysis, but also because they enable the prognosis, to some extent, of the epidemic process, the evaluation of danger in shift of influenza viruses when their reappearance in the circulation is anticipated, as was the case in 1976 in the USA and in 1977 in China and in the USSR.Specialists who are developing new vaccines or improving existing ones are interested in determining the immunological status of those vaccinated. These results are essential for immunologists in order to elucidate mechanisms of humoral immunity. Based on serological information, the impact of chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic drugs on the immunological system can be evaluated. Determination of immune response to an infectious agent contributes essentially to a reliable diagnosis; as a result, the improvement of serological techniques is perpetuated in further investigations. It goes without saying that neither a single technique nor even a limited number of them can provide a solution to all the problems mentioned above.The purpose of this review is consideration of the main serological techniques available and their application in serological investigations of acute respiratory infections.

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The use of a radial haemolysis test for neuraminidase antibodies in the diagnosis of influenza A infection

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Concurrent outbreaks of influenza and parvovirus B19 in a boys' boarding school

Concurrent outbreaks of influenza and parvovirus B19 in a boys' boarding school

Infection with influenza A H1N1: 1. Production and persistence of antibody

Determination of Antibody to Respiratory Pathogens

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