The use of a Low Cost High Speed Camera to Monitor Wingbeat Frequency in Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)

Steen, Ronny

doi:10.13157/arla.61.1.2014.111

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The work in [6,13,17,22,27,29] is representative of a type of approach in which, even recently, there is a human count of the wingbeat frequency as observed with a highspeed camera. Usually, a certain position, e.g., such as the wings in full extension, is used as a reference.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency analysis of a bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) wingbeat

Santoyo

Azarcoya

Valencia

et al. 2015

Pattern Anal Applic

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The wingbeat of an insect relates directly to energy consumption, is a strong indicator of its rate of metabolism and physical structure, and inversely relates to the length of its wing and to the mass of its body. It is also a principal component in understanding the aerodynamic properties of its flight. In this paper, we introduce a method based on the use of high-speed cameras and computer vision techniques to analyze a bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) wingbeat. We start capturing images with a virtual stereo system when a bumblebee crosses two intersecting laser beams. Then, we detect moving objects using background subtraction. Next, via Fourier analysis of the observed optical flow contraction/expansion, and marginalization of prior knowledge, we estimate the wingbeat frequency. Finally, the information from the two virtual cameras is fused using a robust state estimation. Our system is well prepared to handle occlusions; it works with untethered insects; and it does not require the synchronization of a multi-camera system.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency analysis of a bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) wingbeat

Santoyo

Azarcoya

Valencia

et al. 2015

Pattern Anal Applic

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“…Furthermore, our standalone sensors (Figure ) included an option to adjust sensitivity, allowing for fine‐tuning by optimizing the tradeoff between increased sensitivity and false positives. Our final costs per triggering mechanism were <$50 (Table ) plus the cost of the camera (Table , we used pre‐owned cameras of ~$200); more inexpensive than other proposed homemade systems (that generally cost $500–$1,500—Pierce & Pobprasert, ; Gula et al., ; Steen, ) or commercial solutions (that can cost upwards of $1,000–5,000—Meek & Pittet, ; Rovero et al., ). Triggering mechanisms weighed ~500 g including batteries and the two sensors, much smaller and lighter than many of the alternatives.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We opted to use consumer‐grade high‐speed video cameras (cf. Steen, ), and after experimenting with different models with our triggering system (first four rows in Table , recording length section in Supplement), we chose the Casio EX‐FH20/5, which has already been used for biological research (e.g., Ryerson & Schwenk, ). These cameras featured video recording at 210 fps and 480 × 360‐pixel resolution, along with a prerecord mode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bring your own camera to the trap: An inexpensive, versatile, and portable triggering system tested on wild hummingbirds

Rico‐Guevara

Mickley

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The study of animals in the wild offers opportunities to collect relevant information on their natural behavior and abilities to perform ecologically relevant tasks. However, it also poses challenges such as accounting for observer effects, human sensory limitations, and the time intensiveness of this type of research. To meet these challenges, field biologists have deployed camera traps to remotely record animal behavior in the wild. Despite their ubiquity in research, many commercial camera traps have limitations, and the species and behavior of interest may present unique challenges. For example, no camera traps support high‐speed video recording. We present a new and inexpensive camera trap system that increases versatility by separating the camera from the triggering mechanism. Our system design can pair with virtually any camera and allows for independent positioning of a variety of sensors, all while being low‐cost, lightweight, weatherproof, and energy efficient. By using our specialized trigger and customized sensor configurations, many limitations of commercial camera traps can be overcome. We use this system to study hummingbird feeding behavior using high‐speed video cameras to capture fast movements and multiple sensors placed away from the camera to detect small body sizes. While designed for hummingbirds, our application can be extended to any system where specialized camera or sensor features are required, or commercial camera traps are cost‐prohibitive, allowing camera trap use in more research avenues and by more researchers.

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“…Digital cameras have high-frame-rate video modes at reasonably low costs (Steen, 2014). HSV could also be used in CMR of highly mobile birds and mammals.…”

Section: Con Clus Ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapid recent uptake of this technology in ecology is due to the substantial decrease in the cost of such cameras, along with reductions in camera size and weight and improvements in video duration and quality (Garbin, 2018;Lailvaux, 2018;Steen, 2014). Although HSVs have been used to study various aspects of animal behavior, the utility of HSV in CMR studies of highly mobile animals has not been tested.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating high‐speed videos in capture‐mark‐recapture studies of insects

Khelifa

Mahdjoub

M’Gonigle

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Capture–mark–recapture (CMR) studies have been used extensively in ecology and evolution. While it is feasible to apply CMR in some animals, it is considerably more challenging in small fast‐moving species such as insects. In these groups, low recapture rates can bias estimates of demographic parameters, thereby handicapping effective analysis and management of wild populations. Here, we use high‐speed videos (HSV) to capture two large dragonfly species, Anax junius and Rhionaeschna multicolor , that rarely land and, thus, are particularly challenging for CMR studies. We test whether HSV, compared to conventional “eye” observations, increases the “resighting” rates and, consequently, improves estimates of both survival rates and the effects of demographic covariates on survival. We show that the use of HSV increases the number of resights by 64% in A. junius and 48% in R. multicolor . HSV improved our estimates of resighting and survival probability which were either under‐ or overestimated with the conventional observations. Including HSV improved credible intervals for resighting rate and survival probability by 190% and 130% in A. junius and R. multicolor , respectively. Hence, it has the potential to open the door to a wide range of research possibilities on species that are traditionally difficult to monitor with distance sampling, including within insects and birds.

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The use of a Low Cost High Speed Camera to Monitor Wingbeat Frequency in Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Frequency analysis of a bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) wingbeat

Frequency analysis of a bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) wingbeat

Bring your own camera to the trap: An inexpensive, versatile, and portable triggering system tested on wild hummingbirds

Integrating high‐speed videos in capture‐mark‐recapture studies of insects

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