The Use of a Breast-height Core for Estimating Selected Whole-tree Properties of Sitka Spruce

Brazier, J; Howell, R. S.

doi:10.1093/forestry/52.2.177

Cited by 13 publications

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“…* Corresponding Author Panshin and de Zeeuw (1980) reported that density is a general indicator of cell size and is a good predictor of strength, stiffness, ease of drying, machining, hardness and various paper making properties. Brazier and Howell (1979) also expressed the opinion that density is one of the most important properties influencing the use of a timber. They emphasized that it affects the technical performance of wood and in particular the strength and processing behaviour of sawn wood and veneer, and the yields of wood fibre in pulp production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of Density and Compressive Strength Before and After Charring of Some Selected Construction Timber Species of Southwestern Nigeria

Adetayo¹,

Dahunsi²

2017

FUOYEJET

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This study aimed to evaluate the percentage variations of density and compressive strength of some selected timber species mostly used for constructional purposes in Southwestern Nigeria after undergoing fire exposure. The species are: Terminalia superba (Afara), Milicia excelsa (Iroko), Nauclea diderrichii (Opepe), Khaya ivorensis (Mahogany), Mansonia altissima (Mansonia), Tectona grandis (Teak).The densities and the compressive strengths of the species were determined at Moisture Contents (MC) of 9.0, 12.0, and 15.0%. Nine specimen per species, were exposed to fire at various temperature ranges.The results of analysis by variance revealed that at 9% MC, Mahogany had the lowest density value of 439±10.58Kg/m³. At 12 and 15% MC, Afara had the lowest density values of 444±4.18Kg/m³ and 469±7.07Kg/m³ respectively. At 9, 12 and 15% MC, Opepe had the highest density values of 630±28.85Kg/m³, 686±22.64Kg/m³ and 752±17.22Kg/m³ respectively. Afara of 9, 12 and 15% MC had the lowest compressive strength parallel to the grain values of 9.59±1.08N/mm2, 9.59±1.08N/mm2 and 8.13±1.01N/mm2 respectively, while Mahogany had the highest compressive strength parallel to the grain values of 16.57±0.50N/mm2, 15.17±0.49N/mm2 and 12.12±0.42N/mm2 at the three MC levels. Post fire exposure revealed that Afara had the highest percentage change in density and compression in parallel values, while both Iroko and Mahogany exhibited the lowest percentage change in density and compression in parallel values. This study indicated that Mahogany and Iroko species which had lowest post fire change in density and compression in parallel values are useful and recommended to ensure the safety in case of fire outbreaks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of Density and Compressive Strength Before and After Charring of Some Selected Construction Timber Species of Southwestern Nigeria

Adetayo¹,

Dahunsi²

2017

FUOYEJET

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“…Many of the density variations within a tree can be ascribed to the anatomical structure of wood, such as characteristics of vessels and fibres [5]. Wood density also serves as an indicator of wood quality due to its strong positive correlation with, for example, mechanical strength properties [6]. According to [7], density is one of the most important properties that influences the use of a timber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood density also serves as an indicator of wood quality due to its strong positive correlation with, for example, mechanical strength properties [6]. According to [7], density is one of the most important properties that influences the use of a timber. Also [8], stressed the fact that wood density affects the technical performance of wood and in particular the strength and processing behavior of sawn wood and veneer, and the yields of wood fibre in pulp production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood density is, therefore, the single most important single factor determining pulp yield and quality and is also reasonably closely related to various wood properties, for example timber strength, and properties of sawing, machining, glueing, shrinkage, seasoning, peeling and, preservation [14]. Density has been shown to be positively correlated with the strength and stiffness of small clear samples of wood [15], and consequently high density timber is generally associated with superior mechanical performance. In structural size samples, however, the presence of other strength reducing factors mean that density alone is not always a good predictor of mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods

Okoh

2014

JENR

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Wood fibre properties (fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter), physical (oven-dry density) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to the grain) of four tropical hardwood species (Terminalia superba (Ofram) and Terminalia ivorensis (Emere), as currently threatened timber species and Quassia undulata (Hotrohotro) and Recinodendron heudelotii(Wama) as lesser used timber species were investigated to measure and compare their timber properties as potential substitutes. Tree normal trees of each tree species were selected and log samples were cut at the middle portion of stem height to determine the properties. The study revealed that, the densities, compression parallel to grain, modulus of rapture and modulus of elasticity of Ofram and Hortrohotro were not significant, but that of Emere and Wama were significant. The modulus of elasticity of Emere was however not significant. Based on these findings Hortrohotro could be substituted for Ofram and Emere with Wama.

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“…Wood density is one of the most important properties (Brazier and Howell 1979), and a commonly or general used indicator of wood quality and cell size, since it is a good predictor of timber strength, stiffness, ease of drying, machining, hardness and related to tracheid properties, pulp yield, and various paper making properties (Elliot 1970;Panshin and De Zeeuw 1980;Jyske et al 2008). It is affected by the proportion of cell wall material in the wood (cell wall thickness), the cell diameter, and the chemical content of the wood, and is hence dependent on the ratio of cell wall thickness and cell diameter (Cave and Walker 1994;Kibblewhite 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of within-stem biometrical and physical property indices of wood from Cupressus sempervirens L.

Hashemi

Kord²

2011

BioRes

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Variations in average tracheid dimensions (such as length, diameter, lumen diameter, and wall thickness) and its biometrical ratios including slenderness ratio, flexibility ratio, and Runkell ratio, oven-dry and basic density, longitudinal, radial, tangential, and volume shrinkage, maximum moisture content, and porosity of cypress trees wood (Cupressus sempervirens L.var. horizontalis), which was cultivated in the north of Iran, were studied from the pith to bark (radial position), and along the stem from the base upwards. To measure the mentioned traits, the test specimens were prepared from three stands and 9 discs at different height levels (5, 25, and 50% of the total tree height) based on ASTM-D143 standard. Results indicated that the tracheid length, tracheid cross-sectional dimensions, and its biometrical ratios irregularly varied at each height level, along the stem from the bottom to top, but within the discs, at the same height level biometrical traits in the radial position regularly increased from the pith to bark. Within the tree, wood oven-dry and basic density, longitudinal, radial, tangential, and volume shrinkage varied at each height level, decreasing along the stem from the base upwards. Within the discs, at the same height level, wood density and shrinkage, except for longitudinal shrinkage in the radial position, increased from the pith to bark. The maximum moisture content and porosity varied at each height level, increasing along the stem from the bottom to the top of the tree. Moreover, within the discs, at the same height level in the radial direction porosity decreased and maximum moisture content increased except for at 5% of height level from the pith to bark.

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The Use of a Breast-height Core for Estimating Selected Whole-tree Properties of Sitka Spruce

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Variations of Density and Compressive Strength Before and After Charring of Some Selected Construction Timber Species of Southwestern Nigeria

Variations of Density and Compressive Strength Before and After Charring of Some Selected Construction Timber Species of Southwestern Nigeria

Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods

Variation of within-stem biometrical and physical property indices of wood from Cupressus sempervirens L.

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