The use and validation of the Convection-Diffusion approximation in cosmic-rays modulation studies

Mosotho, Moshe Godfrey; Strauss, R. D.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2021.06.001

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Besides, as described by Board & Council et al (2012), no simple parameterization is made for current GCR models that yield the 22 yr effects except in an ad hoc manner (e.g., Shen & Qin 2018;Moloto & Engelbrecht 2020;Krainev et al 2021). More discussions about GCR simulations can be found in Norbury et al (2016), and a different approximation in the GCR modulation equation is also employed and validated by Mosotho & Strauss (2021). Among all the models employed here for comparisons, we cannot determine a single one to best predict all particle spectra.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As these five models are commonly used by the community to provide particle spectra of different time periods, it becomes essential to conduct systematic comparisons to assess their performance under various conditions. A related study conducted by Mosotho & Strauss (2021) carefully investigated the influence of different physics approximations when solving the Parker's transport equation. However, many of practitioners in the community are model users not trained to fine tune the detailed physics parameters in the models.…”

Section: Sdemma Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Comparison of Various Galactic Cosmic-Ray Models to the State-of-the-art Particle and Radiation Measurements

Liu,

Guo,

Wang

et al. 2024

ApJS

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Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are the slowly varying background energetic particles that originate outside the solar system, are modulated by the heliospheric magnetic field, and pose ongoing radiation hazards to deep space exploration missions. To assess the potential radiation risk, various models have been developed to predict the GCR flux near Earth based on propagation theories and/or empirical functions. It is essential to benchmark these models by validating against the state-of-the-art measurements. In this work, a comprehensive model–observation comparison of the energy-dependent particle flux has been performed, by combining five typical GCR models and observational data from the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer on board the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft at relatively lower energies and data from the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics and Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer at higher energies. The analysis shows that, out of the five models investigated in this study, the optimal model, characterized by minimal relative difference or reduced chi-square divergence from measurements, depends on the particle type, energy range, and epoch of interest. Furthermore, a silicon slab is applied to compute the absorbed dose rate using conversion factors applied to GCR model outputs, and the results are compared to measurements from the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation. The comparisons in this paper have implications for the strengths and limitations of individual GCR models, advance our comprehension of the underlying GCR transport mechanisms, and also have strong application aspects for mitigating space radiation risks.

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