The use and reliability of SymNose for quantitative measurement of the nose and lip in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients

Mosmuller, David G. M.; Tan, Robin; Mulder, Frans J.; Bachour, Yara; Vet, Henrica C.W. de; Griot, J. Peter W. Don

doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2016.07.022

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The nose on AP views was scored most reliable, whereas the nostrils and the lip for rater 2 were assessed less reliable. Mosmuller et al (2016) found the lowest reliability on the nose base perimeter due to different perceptions on the shape of the nose. Although SymNose is proven to be reliable, there is some subjectivity to the recording of the nose and lip perimeter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Defining the Aesthetic Range of Normal Symmetry for Lip and Nose Features in 5-Year-Old Children Using the Computer-Based Program SymNose

Kornmann

Tan

Mulder

et al. 2018

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal

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Objective: To provide a normal comparison group against which to judge symmetry results after cleft surgery and to introduce the thin lip correction (TLC) feature in SymNose. A lip–aspect ratio algorithm has been added to the latest version of SymNose to compensate for the higher degree of overlap in thicker lips when compared to thin lips. Design: Retrospective analysis of symmetry in healthy participants, using the computer-based program SymNose on both anteroposterior (AP) and base view images. Photographs of 91 noncleft children were traced twice by 3 independent investigators experienced with SymNose. Participants: Five-year-old healthy participants from a local state school in Tavistock (West Devon, United Kingdom). Main Outcome Measure: Asymmetry expressed as the perimeter mismatch percentage for nose and lip features on AP view images and for nose features on base view images. Results: The perimeter mismatch reference range for the nose (AP view) was 2.65% to 30.91%, for the lip 2.13% to 15.44%, for the nose (base view) 1.69% to 14.84%, for the nostrils 4.68% to 26.6%, and for the width–height ratio 1.15% to 1.80%. The perimeter mismatch percentage for the lip without TLC was significantly higher compared to the perimeter mismatch percentage with TLC ( P < .001). Conclusion: This article provides a noncleft reference range for all perimeters drawn from SymNose against which to compare results after cleft surgery at 5 years of age. Furthermore, it shows the importance of correcting for variance in lip volume per child.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Defining the Aesthetic Range of Normal Symmetry for Lip and Nose Features in 5-Year-Old Children Using the Computer-Based Program SymNose

Kornmann

Tan

Mulder

et al. 2018

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal

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“…Anthropometry is a useful tool to assess soft tissue anatomy of the upper lip, and also provides clinicians with quantitative information regarding malformed structures and regions (17,18). Various methods are used to assess cleft lip deformities, such as anthropometry (19), casts (20), photographs (21,22), video imaging (23,24), 3D computed tomography (25,26), and 3D laser scanning (27,28). In the present study, we performed measurements on live subjects because it is a simple, non-invasive technique with minimal equipment cost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preoperative analysis of upper lip in patients with upper cleft lip/palate before lip repair

Jing¹,

Chen²,

Shi³

et al. 2021

Ann Transl Med

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Background: The postoperative morphological appearances vary widely patients with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (UCL/P), whether it is complete or incomplete cleft. The main reason of bilateral lip asymmetry after cleft lip surgery lies in the lack of personalized measurement and design before surgery. In this study, we aim to individually investigate areas of the upper lip on cleft and non-cleft sides in patients with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (UCL/P).Methods: Ninety-two patients with UCL/P (group 1: <1 year, group 2: 1-2 years) were included in the study. Group 1 included 37 patients with incomplete UCL/P and 29 with complete UCL/P; group 2 included 11 and 15 patients, respectively. The total area of the upper lip on the cleft side (Q8) was divided into Q3, Q4, and Q5 (further divided into a1 and a2), and the upper lip on the non-cleft side (Q7) was divided into Q2 and Q1 (further divided into A1 and A2). Area ratios between the cleft and the non-cleft sides were calculated, and certain parameters were tested for correlations with these ratios.Results: Values of Q8/Q7 were partially overlapped between patients with complete and incomplete UCL/P. Significant correlations were noted between differences in height of the philtrum column (a-h) and the prolabial area ratio between the cleft and the non-cleft side (Q3/Q2) (P=0.032). Moreover, a significant correlation was noted between a1/A1 and the ratio of the lateral labial area between the cleft and the noncleft side (Q5/Q1) (P=0.001). Conclusions:The conventional classification of unilateral cleft lip as incomplete and complete does not completely and accurately reflect individual malformations. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze unilateral cleft lips individually to determine the repair technique and to predict postoperative outcomes.

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“…Symmetrization is deemed to be related to aesthetic appeal [ 22 ]. Therefore, many studies have been based on superimposing the two hemifaces and analyzing shapes using image processing [ 21 , 31 , 32 ] or computing the average distance of pairs of markers and the percentage of coincidence [ 33 , 34 ]. The Procruste analysis duplicated the original landmarks in a mirror version reflecting along the sagittal plane [ 35 ] or the plane of maximum symmetry [ 36 , 37 ] or an arbitrary plane outside of the face [ 21 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Quantification of Facial Morphology and Movements Using a Wearable Helmet

Guihard¹,

Baude²

2022

BioMed Research International

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This work proposes a 3D normative database of facial ranges of motion in adults free from facial disorders. Ten facial movements were analyzed, each targeting the activity of specific muscle groups innervated by the facial nerve. The experimental protocol included a test-retest reliability positioning procedure of 25 skin markers based on clinical expertise in facial morphology. Three maximal voluntary contractions were recorded for each facial movement studied, using a 3D facial motion capture helmet. We included 53 adults free from facial disorders (26 men; age 43 ± 14 ), evaluated twice one week apart. The reliability of marker positioning was expressed as absolute measurement errors. The range of motion vectors of all markers from the best rest to the maximal voluntary contraction was calculated for each muscle group. Primary, secondary, and tertiary markers were extracted for each facial movement. 3D Procruste and asymmetry indices were developed. This allowed the identification of common thresholds of 10% for the asymmetry index and of 6 mm for the Procruste index, beyond which facial motions would be considered abnormally asymmetric. The normative database quantifies facial motions and allows assessment of the degree of clinical disorders by comparison. This protocol is currently being investigated in patients with chronic unilateral peripheral facial paresis.

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The use and reliability of SymNose for quantitative measurement of the nose and lip in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Defining the Aesthetic Range of Normal Symmetry for Lip and Nose Features in 5-Year-Old Children Using the Computer-Based Program SymNose

Defining the Aesthetic Range of Normal Symmetry for Lip and Nose Features in 5-Year-Old Children Using the Computer-Based Program SymNose

Preoperative analysis of upper lip in patients with upper cleft lip/palate before lip repair

Three-Dimensional Quantification of Facial Morphology and Movements Using a Wearable Helmet

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