The Use and Abuse of Human Growth Hormone in Sports

Siebert, David M.; Rao, Ashwin L.

doi:10.1177/1941738118782688

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(105 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The doses of HGH reported in this study were concerningly higher than what has been published earlier [19,20]. The difference in the doses might be partly due to the fact that in the US (where the previous studies have been conducted), the abused HGH is sometimes prescribed by a clinical practitioner for off-label use [20], and ▶table 1 Average doses and standard deviations of different doping products, reported by 50 doping users.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

A Netnography and a Survey on Doping Use among Competitive Doping-untested Strength-sport Athletes

Jokipalo

Khudayarov

2021

Int J Sports Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Doping-untested strength-sport athletes (powerlifters, strongmen, armlifters, etc.,) are infamous for their doping use, but their exact doping regimens are not known. The purpose of this study was to provide a reasonable portrait of doping history in this specific athlete group for medical practitioners. Seventy-five athletes were selected by netnography of the social media community around the Finnish doping-untested strength-sport federations on the basis of their activity in doping-related discussions, and the athletes were invited to answer a detailed doping-related anonymous survey. Fifty respondents completed the survey. 100% of the respondents reported use of anabolic androgenic steroids, 66% reported use of stimulants, and 80% use of non-steroidal anabolic substances. The doses of both testosterone products and human growth hormone were notably larger than reported in previous studies of gym users (mostly non-competitive athletes). The subjects reported simultaneous use of an average 5.66 illegal substances, and lifetime use of 16.78 illegal substances. The doses of illicit drugs, as well as polypharmacy, among competitive doping-untested strength-sport athletes are higher than previously reported among recreational gym users, and side effects are likely in this specific population.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

A Netnography and a Survey on Doping Use among Competitive Doping-untested Strength-sport Athletes

Jokipalo

Khudayarov

2021

Int J Sports Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Its abuse has been reported among high school athletes and gym users, as well as weight lifters that associate the use of GH with growth fator similar to insuline type 1 (IGF-1). 20 On the data of the learning effectiveness about diuretics, noticed a statistically relevant gain on the subject, comparing the correct answers on the pre and post-test moments with ∆ = 25% (p-value = 0.0455). This is especially important, since diuretics are among the substances classified as doping increasingly recognized and consumed by athletes for weight loss.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Objetivo: Presentar y evaluar empíricamente la eficacia de "Corazón en Juego", como una herramienta para la educación de atletas sobre sustancias que se caracterizan como doping. Métodos: La muestra fue formada por 20…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Heart at Risk: Electronic Educational Game With Information on Doping in Athletes

Silva

Miranda

Andrade

et al. 2019

Rev Bras Med Esporte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Games are recognized tools that can be used for teaching, awareness-building and behavioral change. In the world of competitive sports, it is necessary to both educate athletes and make them aware that doping is an unsportsmanlike practice, particularly because this conduct can be life-threatening. A game called “Heart at Risk” was developed in this context for the purpose of teaching athletes which substances are characterized as doping by the World Antidoping Agency, and to raise their awareness of health hazards through entertainment. Objective Present and empirically evaluate the efficacy of the game as a tool for educating athletes on substances characterized as doping. Methods The sample group was formed by 20 players in the under-20 category of Clube do Remo (Rowing Club), aged over 18 years. The athletes underwent a pre-test, played the Heart at Risk game, and took a post-test at the end. Both tests were related to healthy sport practices (positive factors) and to doping substances (negative factors). Results Regarding the knowledge of positive factors, there was an increase of knowledge in relation to low doses of caffeine (∆ = 40%; p-value= 0.0125) and doping assessment (∆ = 55%; p-value = 0.0017). Regarding negative factors, there was an increase of knowledge in relation to diuretics (∆ = 25%; p-value = 0.0455), contaminated thermogenic (∆ = 35%; p-value = 0.0191), growth hormone-GH (∆ = 50%; p-value = 0.0025), contaminated supplements (∆ = 65%; p-value = 0.0007), and testosterone (∆ = 55%; p-value = 0.0017). Conclusion The Heart at Risk game proved to be an effective resource in the process of learning about prohibited substances and positive factors for sports performance. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

show abstract

“…As a supplement to the previous explanations, we would like to point out that the lipolytic and anabolic actions of GH have found great interest in sport. However, athletes have been misused GH in much higher daily doses than in clinical endocrinology of adults in order to reduce fat mass and improve their athletic performance [37][38]. We therefore wish to state explicitly that GH should not be used as an antiobesity drug but rather exclusively as a therapeutic agent for endocrinological conditions.…”

Section: Gh and Lipolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Effects of Growth Hormone on Lipolysis, Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism Assessed in Serum and Microdialysate of Healthy Young Men

Krebs

Baum

Doerfer

et al. 2019

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective We investigated direct effects of a therapeutic growth hormone dose on lipolysis, glucose and amino acid metabolism. Methods This crossover microdialysis trial involved six healthy male volunteers receiving single subcutaneous injections of both growth hormone (0.035 mg/kg) and placebo (0.9% sodium chloride). The investigation comprised three test days with standard diet. The first day served for adaptation, the second and third one for determining study data during 9 night hours with or without growth hormone. Abdominal subcutaneous microdialysate and blood were continuously collected and forwarded to a separate room next door where hourly taken samples were centrifuged and frozen until analysed. Results Growth hormone achieved the peak serum level after 3 h followed by a plateau-like course for the next 6 h. Glycerol in microdialysate started to rise 2 h following growth hormone injection achieving significance compared to placebo after 9 h (P<0.05). Serum glycerol increased 4 h after growth hormone administration achieving significance after 6 h (P<0.05). Glucose and amino acid concentrations showed neither in microdialysate nor in serum significant differences between growth hormone and placebo. Serum values of insulin and C-peptide revealed no significant difference between growth hormone and placebo. Summary and Conclusion As the result of a high single subcutaneous dose of GH, persistent lipolysis can be shown in continuously collected microdialysate and blood, but no indication for gluconeogenesis or protein anabolism.

show abstract

The Use and Abuse of Human Growth Hormone in Sports

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

A Netnography and a Survey on Doping Use among Competitive Doping-untested Strength-sport Athletes

A Netnography and a Survey on Doping Use among Competitive Doping-untested Strength-sport Athletes

Heart at Risk: Electronic Educational Game With Information on Doping in Athletes

Short-Term Effects of Growth Hormone on Lipolysis, Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism Assessed in Serum and Microdialysate of Healthy Young Men

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About