The Use and Abuse of LexA by Mobile Genetic Elements

Fornelos, Nadine; Browning, Douglas F.; Butala, Matej

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2016.02.009

Cited by 58 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This treatment has been reported to induce SOS response, excision of bacteriophages and the movement of SaPIs4445. Using replica plating, two cefoxitin-susceptible clones were obtained from IMD0819 (2 of 251 clones tested) but none from KM0211 (0 of 445).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel methicillin resistance gene mecD in clinical Macrococcus caseolyticus strains from bovine and canine sources

Schwendener

Cotting

Perreten

2017

Sci Rep

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Methicillin-resistant Macrococcus caseolyticus strains from bovine and canine origins were found to carry a novel mecD gene conferring resistance to all classes of β-lactams including anti-MRSA cephalosporins. Association of β-lactam resistance with mecD was demonstrated by gene expression in S. aureus and deletion of the mecD-containing island in M. caseolyticus. The mecD gene was located either on an 18,134-bp M. caseolyticus resistance island (McRImecD-1) or a 16,188-bp McRImecD-2. Both islands were integrated at the 3′ end of the rpsI gene, carried the mecD operon (mecD-mecR1m-mecIm), and genes for an integrase of the tyrosine recombinase family and a putative virulence-associated protein (virE). Apart from the mecD operon, that shared 66% overall nucleotide identity with the mecB operon, McRImecD islands were unrelated to any mecB-carrying elements or staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec. Only McRImecD-1 that is delimitated at both ends by direct repeats was capable of circular excision. The recombined excision pattern suggests site-specific activity of the integrase and allowed identification of a putative core attachment site. Detection of rpsI-associated integrases in Bacillus and S. aureus reveals a potential for broad-host range dissemination of the novel methicillin resistance gene mecD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel methicillin resistance gene mecD in clinical Macrococcus caseolyticus strains from bovine and canine sources

Schwendener

Cotting

Perreten

2017

Sci Rep

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“…In addition to direct MGE interactions, MGEs can influence each other indirectly through their effects on host elements. For example, plasmid-mediated activation of the SOS response can trigger phage induction or mobilize genomic islands (94). MGE interactions may have originated through a shared coevolutionary history (95,96) or simply be the result of accidental interactions (23).…”

Section: Fitness Effects Due To Interactions Between Mobile Genetic Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness Costs of Plasmids: a Limit to Plasmid Transmission

2017

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Plasmids mediate the horizontal transmission of genetic information between bacteria, facilitating their adaptation to multiple environmental conditions. An especially important example of the ability of plasmids to catalyze bacterial adaptation and evolution is their instrumental role in the global spread of antibiotic resistance, which constitutes a major threat to public health. Plasmids provide bacteria with new adaptive tools, but they also entail a metabolic burden that, in the absence of selection for plasmid-encoded traits, reduces the competitiveness of the plasmid-carrying clone. Although this fitness reduction can be alleviated over time through compensatory evolution, the initial cost associated with plasmid carriage is the main constraint on the vertical and horizontal replication of these genetic elements. The fitness effects of plasmids therefore have a crucial influence on their ability to associate with new bacterial hosts and consequently on the evolution of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plasmid fitness cost remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze the literature in the field and examine the potential fitness effects produced by plasmids throughout their life cycle in the host bacterium. We also explore the various mechanisms evolved by plasmids and bacteria to minimize the cost entailed by these mobile genetic elements. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions in the field.

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“…The SOS response in Escherichia coli was last comprehensively reviewed 10 years ago (Friedberg et al, 2006;Cohen et al, 2008;Janion, 2008), and more recently in other bacteria (Kelley, 2006;Erill et al, 2007;Butala et al, 2009;Kreuzer, 2013;Baharoglu and Mazel, 2014). In the last few years, the significance of the SOS pathway in the evolution of resistance under antibiotic stress and its value as therapeutic target have gained more interest (Cirz et al, 2005;Cirz and Romesberg, 2007;Poole, 2012;Kreuzer, 2013;Fornelos et al, 2016;Williams and Schumacher, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SOS system: A complex and tightly regulated response to DNA damage

Masłowska

Makiela‐Dzbenska

Fijałkowska

2019

Environ and Mol Mutagen

299

212

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Genomes of all living organisms are constantly threatened by endogenous and exogenous agents that challenge the chemical integrity of DNA. Most bacteria have evolved a coordinated response to DNA damage. In Escherichia coli , this inducible system is termed the SOS response. The SOS global regulatory network consists of multiple factors promoting the integrity of DNA as well as error‐prone factors allowing for survival and continuous replication upon extensive DNA damage at the cost of elevated mutagenesis. Due to its mutagenic potential, the SOS response is subject to elaborate regulatory control involving not only transcriptional derepression, but also post‐translational activation, and inhibition. This review summarizes current knowledge about the molecular mechanism of the SOS response induction and progression and its consequences for genome stability. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:368–384, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.

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The Use and Abuse of LexA by Mobile Genetic Elements

Cited by 58 publications

References 71 publications

Novel methicillin resistance gene mecD in clinical Macrococcus caseolyticus strains from bovine and canine sources

Novel methicillin resistance gene mecD in clinical Macrococcus caseolyticus strains from bovine and canine sources

Fitness Costs of Plasmids: a Limit to Plasmid Transmission

The SOS system: A complex and tightly regulated response to DNA damage

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