The usability of telephone-based telemedicine in primary healthcare: A quantitative evaluation and a hypothesized framework of determinants from the physicians’ perspective in Oman

Abstract

Telemedicine has been appreciated as a smart solution to bridge the gaps in the delivery and coverage of healthcare worldwide. With the great impetus to integrate this service into primary healthcare facilities, evaluating its usability should be an ongoing process. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the usability of telemedicine from the primary healthcare physicians’ perspective in Oman. The evaluation was conducted using a cross-sectional study design. A self-administered online questionnaire was developed and validated as a scale to evaluate the usability of telemedicine as a safe and useful communication channel and outpatient record. Following a pilot study, the questionnaire was distributed to a sample of primary healthcare physicians who ran telemedicine clinics in Oman during 2020-2022. The questionnaire was completed by 143 primary healthcare physicians from different governorates. The total mean scale and subscale scores were computed. In addition, the frequency distribution of responses to each question was presented. The results showed that the total mean scale score of the usability of telemedicine in our clinics was 3.43/5.00. The subscale scores of the usability of telemedicine as a safe and useful service, the usability of telemedicine as a communication channel, and the usability of telemedicine as an outpatient record were 3.42/5.00, 3.23/5.00, and 3.99/5.00, respectively. In conclusion, the current telemedicine service in Oman’s primary healthcare facilities has some usability features, but there is still much room for improvement. With logical reasoning, a framework of potential determinants was inferred and proposed to improve the usability of telemedicine services in the future and comply with the principles of biomedical ethics.

Telephone-based telepsychiatry consultations: a qualitative exploration of psychiatrists’ experiences in Oman

“… 3 Additionally, conducting physical examinations, measurements and lab investigations is impossible in telephone-based consultations. 14 Gharbal et al suggested that incorporating a visual component, such as video calls, instead of telephone-based consultations may enhance the quality of care provided and achieve comparable efficiency to in-person visits. 14 Similar views were expressed by the psychiatrists in our study.…”

“… 14 Gharbal et al suggested that incorporating a visual component, such as video calls, instead of telephone-based consultations may enhance the quality of care provided and achieve comparable efficiency to in-person visits. 14 Similar views were expressed by the psychiatrists in our study. By using video calls, care providers can conduct thorough assessments and identify patients with low, intermediate or high risk.…”

“… 5 8 Moreover, the utilisation of wearable devices that capture body measurements, such as blood pressure and heart rate, and transmit the data to physicians, can enhance the effectiveness of virtual clinics. 14 …”

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that a lack of technical support can impact the usability of telemedicine and reduce its efficiency in telephone or video-based consultations. 14 A study conducted in Malaysia reported that 62% of participating physicians using different telemedicine modalities identified technical difficulties as a common barrier. 14 Providing care providers with a quiet room and fixed phone lines are crucial resources for delivering the best possible care to patients using telephone consultations.…”

“… 14 A study conducted in Malaysia reported that 62% of participating physicians using different telemedicine modalities identified technical difficulties as a common barrier. 14 Providing care providers with a quiet room and fixed phone lines are crucial resources for delivering the best possible care to patients using telephone consultations. 9 Furthermore, the lack of communication channels between primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels, as well as the absence of implementation of electronic prescriptions, can cause inconvenience for both psychiatrists and patients, potentially leading to delays in the patient’s management plan.…”