The usability of (sodium alginate/acrylamide) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks on removal of some textile dyes

Abstract

In this study, (sodium alginate/acrylamide) interpenetrating polymer networks ((NaAlg/AAm)IPN) have been prepared at definite composition. The aqueous solution of 3% (w/v) sodium alginate and 50% (w/v) acrylamide was irradiated with 60 Co-g rays at a dose rate of 0.07 kGy/h up to 5 kGy. The percent conversion was determined gravimetrically and 100% gelation was achieved at 5 kGy dose. To understand whether the semiinterpenetrating polymer network of sodium alginate is performed, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of polyacrylamide (PAAm), sodium alginate, and the semiinterpenetrating polymer network were recorded. It is found that the FTIR spectra of PAAm, NaAlg, and the semi-interpenetrating polymer network are different. The thermograms of PAAm, sodium alginate, and the semiinterpenetrating polymer network were recorded for investigating their thermal character. (NaAlg/AAm)IPN hydrogels were immersed to swell in a solution of pH 7, at a temperature of 258C. The swelling results at pH 7.0 indicated that (NaAlg/AAm)IPN hydrogel, containing 3% NaAlg showed maximum % swelling in water but swelling increased in the order of water > Magenta > Methylene Blue > Safranine-O > Methyl Violet. Diffusion of water and aqueous solution of dyes within (NaAlg/AAm)IPN hydrogels was found to be of Fickian character at the initial stage of swelling with regard to values calculated for diffusion coefficient of (NaAlg/AAm)IPN hydrogels in water and aqueous solution of dyes. Some diffusion parameters were calculated from swelling of (NaAlg/AAm)IPN in water and dyes and their adsorption isotherms were plotted. In the adsorption experiments, the efficiency of (NaAlg/AAm)IPN hydrogels to adsorb Magenta, Safranine-O, Methylene Blue, and Methyl Violet dyes from water was studied. (NaAlg/AAm)IPN hydrogels showed different adsorption for different aqueous solution of dyes at pH 7.0. Adsorption isotherms were constructed for (NaAlg/AAm)IPN-dye systems. S type adsorption in the Giles classification system was found. Thermal and spectroscopic characterization of semi-interpenetrating polymer network of sodium alginate and acrylamide and dye adsorbed semi-interpenetrating polymer network of sodium alginate and acrylamide was recorded.

Adsorption of industrial dyes by semi-IPN hydrogels of Acrylic copolymers and sodium alginate

“…The SIPNs are also observed to show multiple weight loss regions. However, weight retention% of these hydrogels over the entire temperature Page 10 of 38 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t regions is higher than alginate which confirms interpenetration of the two polymers in the SIPNs [18,26].…”

“…These hydrogels showed excellent sorption for heavy metal ions such as copper, cobalt and nickel ions [17]. Solpan et al prepared semi-IPN of sodium alginate and acrylamide and used this hydrogel for separation of several textile dyes from water [18].…”

New copolymer of acrylamide with allyl methacrylate and its capacity for the removal of azo dyes

“…T max for Poly(acrylamide) (PAA) is 396°C and T 1/2 is 418°C. PAA gives 25% residue at 600°C [13] . T max and T 1/2 are given as 409°C and 400°C for Poly(allylmethacrylate) (PAMA) homopolymer in the literature, respectively [14,15] .…”

Interpenetrating polymer network of blocked polyurethane and phenolic resin. II. Kinetic formation, swelling ratio, thermal properties, and flame retardance

“…Once the chemical system is chosen, the factors that govern the polymerization are directly responsible for the resulting morphology and properties of the materials. The other especially important and fundamental properties of polymer network are their swelling ratio [22, 23], thermal properties [24, 25], and flame behavior [8]. The swelling ratio shows the degree of hard or soft segment components in the IPNs.…”