The US summer of 1993: A sharp contrast in weather extremes

Lott, J. N.

doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1994.tb05954.x

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Fungal epidemics in corn, soybean and alfalfa caused by high moisture, and outbreak of soybean sudden death syndrome in the US Midwest in 1993 (Rosenzweig et al 2000), may have led to the low productivity and low residue C inputs observed. During the same year, severe summer drought occurred in the Southeast region causing yield losses (Lott 1994), and therefore reduced residue C inputs as we observed in our study. Thus the same El Niño event yielded differential responses in different CPRs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Carbon balances in US croplands during the last two decades of the twentieth century

et al. 2010

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Carbon (C) added to soil as organic matter in crop residues and carbon emitted to the atmosphere as CO 2 in soil respiration are key determinants of the C balance in cropland ecosystems. We used complete and comprehensive county-level yields and area data to estimate and analyze the spatial and temporal variability of regional and national scale residue C inputs, net primary productivity (NPP), and C stocks in US croplands from 1982 to 1997. Annual residue C inputs were highest in the North Central and Central and Northern Plains regions that comprise *70% of US cropland. Average residue C inputs ranged from 1.8 (Delta States) to 3.0 (North Central region) Mg C ha -1 year -1 , and average NPP ranged from 3.1 (Delta States) to 5.4 (Far West region) Mg C ha -1 year -1 . Residue C inputs tended to be inversely proportional to the mean growing season temperature. A quadratic relationship incorporating the growing season mean temperature and total precipitation closely predicted the variation in residue C inputs in the North Central region and Central and Northern Plains. We analyzed the soil C balance using the crop residue database and the Introductory Carbon Balance regional Model (ICBMr). Soil C stocks (0-20 cm) on permanent cropland ranged between 3.07 and 3.1 Pg during the study period, with an average increase of *4 Tg C year -1 , during the 1990s. Interannual variability in soil C stocks ranged from 0 to 20 Tg C (across a mean C stock of 3.08 ± 0.01 Pg) during the study period; interannual variability in residue C inputs varied between 1 and 43 Tg C (across a mean input of 220 ± 19 Tg). Such interannual variation has implications for national estimates of CO 2 emissions from cropland soils needed for implementation of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies involving agriculture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Carbon balances in US croplands during the last two decades of the twentieth century

et al. 2010

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“…Neither event comes near to the record-setting Midwest floods of 1993, which covered 270,000 square miles of (mostly agricultural) land in 534 disaster-designated counties spread across nine states. In that event, federally designated disaster areas included all of Iowa, 62 percent of Missouri, 58 percent of Wisconsin and North Dakota, 52 percent of South Dakota, 46 percent of Nebraska, 40 percent of Minnesota, 25 percent of Illinois, and 22 percent of Kansas (Lott 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Primacy of Partnership: Scoping a New National Disaster Recovery Policy

Mitchell

2006

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Scie

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Hurricane Katrina is widely perceived as a threshold-crossing event, capable of bringing about changes in public policy comparable with those that followed the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Headline-grabbing proposals for improving the leadership of disaster-management organizations divert attention from a task of greater importance: the nourishment of partnerships among different stakeholder groups. Such partnerships have previously been organized around common material interests. Stronger and more enduring partnerships might better be based on ideas that capture shared ambiguities of hazard, as well as material interests. Lay publics need to be engaged with contradictory concepts that exist across the full range of environmental and societal contexts in which hazards are embedded. The process of recovery from Katrina presents social scientists with an opportunity to extend inquiry and partnerships into new arenas that have the potential to sharpen intellectual understanding as well as to address needed policy reforms.

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“…Drought in the eastern United States is not without consequence. The 1993 drought in the southeastern United States caused approximately $1 billion in damage to agriculture and resulted in 100 deaths in the southeast and northeast (Lott, ). Unfortunately, water resource managers are limited in their understanding of streamflow variability and extreme events over time by short instrumental records, which only cover the 20th and 21st centuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interbasin comparison of tree‐ring reconstructed streamflow in the eastern United States

Maxwell

Harley

Maxwell

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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Tree-ring reconstructions of streamflow are uncommon in the eastern United States compared with the western United States. Although the east has not experienced severe drought on the scale of the west over the last 100 years, multiyear droughts have stressed the water management systems throughout the east. Here, we reconstruct mean May-September streamflow of three rivers serving population centers in the northeast (Beaver Kill River serving New York, NY), mid-Atlantic (Potomac River serving Washington, DC), and southeast (Flint River serving Atlanta, GA) to demonstrate the efficacy of reconstructing streamflow in the eastern UnitedStates. Then, we conducted an interbasin comparison to identify periods of common variability and examined the influence of the North Atlantic subtropical high on reconstructed streamflow.Our models explained 40-61% of the variance in the instrumental record and passed verification tests in all basins during the period 1675-2000 CE. Droughts and pluvials showed some synchrony across all basins, but the mid-Atlantic region acted as a hinge, sometimes behaving more like the northeast, and other times like the southeast. Climatic analyses suggest a relationship exists between the North Atlantic subtropical high and reconstructed streamflow that influences the probability of drought and pluvial events. Given the many factors influencing tree growth in closed-canopy systems, we have shown that careful standardization of individual tree-ring series, nested regression models, and the use of multiple species can produce robust proxies of streamflow across the eastern seaboard.

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The US summer of 1993: A sharp contrast in weather extremes

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Carbon balances in US croplands during the last two decades of the twentieth century

Carbon balances in US croplands during the last two decades of the twentieth century

The Primacy of Partnership: Scoping a New National Disaster Recovery Policy

An interbasin comparison of tree‐ring reconstructed streamflow in the eastern United States

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