The US Naval Observatory Clock Time Reference and the Performance of a Sample of Atomic Clocks

Winkler, G. M. R.; Hall, R. G.; Percival, Donald B.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/6/4/004

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Also, model 2 has been applied to the "correction" of F-steps in actual clock systems [43] so it is a very real problem.…”

Section: Model Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for the interpretation of frequency stability measurements

Barnes¹

1976

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The results of measurements of frequency stability are normally interpreted in the terms of models.Typically, these models are expressed as a power-law for the power spectral density (e.g.,The experiments which provide the basis for tnese models are always limited in their range and include neither zero nor infinite Fourier frequency.Some authors have neglected the limits to the actual physical devices and the underlying data and have encountered mathematical difficulties with the models at either zero or infinite frequency or both.These problems are associated with the model and not the actual oscillators being modeled.By carefully taking into account actual limits of the device and constraining discussions to be concerned only with quantities which can be observed in a practical sense, one can avoid the problems of non-convergence and non-stationarity.Even for stationary and convergent models, however, there is growing evidence that the typical Gaussian models may be inadequate. There appear to be occasional (sporadic) steps in the frequency of oscillators of a magnitude which is difficult to explain with conventional models.

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“…Also, model 2 has been applied to the "correction" of F-steps in actual clock systems [43] so it is a very real problem.…”

Section: Model Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for the interpretation of frequency stability measurements

Barnes¹

1976

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“…For historical reasons, the A.1 is intentionally steered a constant 19 ns/day. 40 Using data from 1993 and 1994, the BIPM estimates the 100-day error of the EAL as slightly less than the TAI, and both to be about 2.5×10 −15 s/s; 3 the errors in the 1980's were above 10 −14 s/s. The recent improvement in both TAI and the USNO free-running timescale A.1 is evident in Figures 2-4, which gives their difference as a function of time.…”

Section: Terrestrial Timescales and The Bipmmentioning

confidence: 98%

Application of Millisecond Pulsar Timing to the Long-term Stability of Clock Ensembles

Foster

Matsakis

1996

Amazing Light

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Terrestrial timescales show instabilities due to the physical limitations of the atomic clocks. Stricter environmental isolation and increased numbers of improved cesium clocks and cavity-tuned hydrogen masers have resulted in time scales more accurate by a factor of about five. The use of different clock ensembles results in measurable changes in some millisecond pulsar timing data. We investigate the possible application of millisecond pulsars to define a precise long-term time standard and positional reference system in a nearly inertial reference frame. Although possible quantitative contribution of the two longest studied millisecond pulsars to terrestrial timescales appears minimal, they may prove useful as independent standards in identifying error sources that are difficult to detect due to the finite lifetime and common reference frame of terrestrial clocks. New millisecond pulsars, perhaps some with even better timing properties, may be discovered as a result of the current global pulsar search efforts.

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“…There are numerous papers dealing with the production of free time scales [Winkler et al, 1970;Allan et al, 1974;Bureau Internationale de l'Heure, 1974;Hiibner and Becker, 1974;Angeli, 1975] or dealing with steering of them Guinot, 1975;Azoubib et al, 1977;Becker, 1977a;Granveaud and Azoubib, 1978;Yoshirnura, 1973], the purpose usually being to optimize the respective calculations, especially the allocation of weights to the clocks.…”

Section: Averagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clocks showing obvious serious frequency deviations or functional disturbances are removed from the calculation of the mean. To take the mean in this way has proved quite satisfactory at the PTB and the USNO [Winkler et al, 1970], which uses a modified version of this method. Since 1977, as has already been mentioned, the PTB has additionally steered its former free scale by its primary frequency standard CS1.…”

Section: Averagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The generation of time scales

Becker¹,

Hübner²

1979

Radio Science

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First the concepts of time and of time scales are discussed. Then the paper deals with the definition of time scales and with the relevant resolutions and recommendations of international organizations. After a discussion of frequency and time standards, at present of importance with respect to time scale production, clock models describing the clock behavior are treated. This is followed by a review of problems of time comparisons and a description of time service equipment and methods. Then averaging and extrapolation problems are discussed. The present qualities of the international atomic time and of atomic time scales produced by time‐keeping institutes are finally reviewed.

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The US Naval Observatory Clock Time Reference and the Performance of a Sample of Atomic Clocks

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Models for the interpretation of frequency stability measurements

Models for the interpretation of frequency stability measurements

Application of Millisecond Pulsar Timing to the Long-term Stability of Clock Ensembles

The generation of time scales

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