The US Government, Citizen Groups and the Cold War

Mapping the Undefinable: Some Thoughts on the Relevance of Exchange Programs within International Relations Theory

“…The literature on the "cultural cold war," which investigates the practical and ideological linkages and partnerships between governmental and private organizations in the cause of anticommunism, has grown in recent years (Stonor Saunders 1999;Scott-Smith and Krabbendam 2003;Laville and Wilford 2006). Ever since the entry of the U.S. government into the field of exchanges in 1938, the stipulation has been that they must run as public-private collaborations.…”

Feminism, Frogs and Fascism: The Transnational Activism of Brazil's Bertha Lutz

“…100 Their positions were in line with historian Helen Laville's description of US feminists who supported anti-communist policies abroad to work for women's equality at home during the Cold War. 101 In August 1954, several months after Lutz returned home from the OAS conference, Vargas committed suicide. This time she did not empathise with his fate.…”

The Origins of Cold War Feminism During the Korean War

“…The Women's Bureau of the US Labor Department and the State Department were particularly concerned about the report's accusations of germ warfare. 68 Rather than respond publicly, the CIA covertly funded women's groups such as the Committee of Correspondence formed in 1952 that was 'established as a direct response to the Soviet peace campaign and the activities of the WIDF', no doubt in reaction to the Korean War. 69 Moreover, a coalition of over thirty US women's groups that formed the Women United for United Nations (WUUN) waged a patriotic defence of 'collective security', standing against pacifist groups that campaigned against war and armament.…”

“…68 Rather than respond publicly, the CIA covertly funded women's groups such as the Committee of Correspondence formed in 1952 that was 'established as a direct response to the Soviet peace campaign and the activities of the WIDF', no doubt in reaction to the Korean War. 69 Moreover, a coalition of over thirty US women's groups that formed the Women United for United Nations (WUUN) waged a patriotic defence of 'collective security', standing against pacifist groups that campaigned against war and armament. 70 Under such circumstances, and despite its limitations, the international women's commission and its report provided a crucial platform by which to discuss possible war crimes.…”