The Urinary System

Casey, Harold W.; Ayers, Kenneth N.; Robinson, F. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-9942-4_3

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Mineralization of the urinary tract, particularly in males, is also evident in other saccharin studies (Lessel, 1971;Taylor & Friedman, 1974), but it has been observed that males have a greater tendency than female rats to form urinary concretions in other experimental situations (Dunning et al, 1947;Weil et al, 1965). Moreover, the anatomy of the male bladder neck may favour stone retention (Casey et al, 1978). A representative calculus from one of our saccharin-treated male rats was composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate, that is, struvite (infra-red analysis, courtesy of Dr J. W. Shaw, Boots Co. Ltd, England).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the rat to saccharin with particular reference to the urinary bladder

Chowaniec¹,

Hicks²

1979

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-Male and female Wistar rats were administered sodium saccharin for life (2 yr) either in the drinking water or diet. The maximum palatable dose of saccharin in the drinking water was found to be 2 g/kg/day and, even then, there was some voluntary restriction of fluid intake in the males. By contrast, double this dose -namely 4 g/kg/day, was palatable in the diet. A control group of rats of both sexes received saccharin-free diet and drinking water. Mild urothelial hyperplasias developed from 85 weeks in rats of both sexes receiving saccharin either in the drinking water or diet; the incidence was statistically significant in both the bladders and kidneys of rats receiving the higher dose of saccharin in the diet, but in the kidneys only of rats receiving the lower dose of saccharin in the drinking water. Telangiectasia of the vasa recta was significant in saccharin-treated rats of both sexes at both doses. A very low incidence of bladder tumours, exclusively in males receiving the higher saccharin dose in the diet was seen from 95 weeks. No consistent relationship between bladder epithelial hyperplasias and crystalluria could be demonstrated, although all 3 bladder tumours were associated with some form of mineralisation. Results suggest a particular susceptibility of males to saccharin treatment. The possibility that saccharin may promote, or enhance, the development of latent tumour cells already present in the experimental population, rather than initiate carcinogenesis per se is considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the rat to saccharin with particular reference to the urinary bladder

Chowaniec¹,

Hicks²

1979

Br J Cancer

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“…Kidneys from affected rats are enlarged and pale, with a pitted surface that contains pinpoint cysts [12,13]. And they are characterized by tubular basophilia, multiple layers of regenerative tubular epithelia with a thickened basement membrane, glomerular hyalinization and sclerosis, hyaline casts of proteinaceous material within medullary tubules, interstitial fibrosis, and mononuclear inflammatory cell aggregates [6,7,9,13,16,20,24]. Aged proteinuric rats had increased blood pressure and reduced glomerular filtration rates and renal plasma flow [1], and the proteinuria seemed to be due to increases in glomerular permeability and loss of fixed glomerular polyanions, which is related to selective filtration [3].…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis of Proliferative Cortical Tubular Epithelia in Chronic Progressive Nephrosis of Rats.

Ikeyama

Nukui

Furukawa

et al. 2000

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To investigate the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of rat chronic progressive nephrosis (CPN), the kidney of male F344/ DuCrj rats, 19, 59, and 111 weeks of age, was examined histologically. In situ analysis for DNA fragmentation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was performed simultaneously by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. CPN was seen in all the kidneys of 59-week-old (n=6) and 111-week-old rats (n=16), correlating significantly (p<0.01) with age. There were apoptotic bodies (ABs) in the single-layered epithelia of dilated tubules (SLD) and the multilayered epithelia (ML) of the cortical tubules. There were no ABs in any of the kidneys of the 19-week-old (n=5) or 59-week-old rats (n=6). Proliferative activity might have been enhanced in the single-layered and flattened epithelia, SLD, and ML of the cortical tubules in the kidneys of the 59-week-old rats (n=6) compared with that in 111-week-old rats (n=8). The correlations between the TUNELpositive ratio and number of PCNA-positive cells, and age and the CPN grade were significant (p<0.01) exclusively in the ML. Thus, the results suggest that apoptosis occurs in the proliferative ML of rat CPN, and the pathological significance might be the removal of abnormal or excess cells.-KEY WORDS: apoptosis, nephrosis, PCNA, rat, TUNEL.

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“…Descriptions of the pathologic anatomy of the lower urinary tract in domestic and laboratory animals include little, if any, specific information on the female urethra; most accounts deal mainly with the longer male urethra [I, 5,6,11,16,20]. Hence, we offer this report describing the common occurrence of cysts in the proximal urethra of older female ranch mink, Mustela vison.…”

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confidence: 97%

Common Occurrence of Urethral Cysts in Older Female Ranch Mink

Hadlow

Race

1981

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. Cysts were found often in the proximal urethra of female sapphire and pastel mink, Mustela vison, examined at necropsy during studies on slow viral diseases. Their prevalence, the same in both color phases, was age-dependent. They occurred in less than 2% of females under 2 years old but in more than 60% of those over 7 years old. The cysts varied from ovoid vesicles 3 to 4 mm long to multilocular masses 10 to 15 mm across that greatly distended the proximal urethra and sometimes occluded it. Small cysts were not accompanied by clinical signs, but large ones often caused persistent urinary incontinence and occasionally, urine retention. The cysts contained fluid that varied from water-clear to dull yellow. They arose by expansion of small urethral glands normally present in female mink and destroyed much of the urethral wall by pressure atrophy. Although the cysts became larger and more prevalent as the mink aged, the stimulus that caused them to form was not apparent. They appear to have no counterpart in other animals.

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The Urinary System

Cited by 29 publications

References 136 publications

Response of the rat to saccharin with particular reference to the urinary bladder

Response of the rat to saccharin with particular reference to the urinary bladder

Apoptosis of Proliferative Cortical Tubular Epithelia in Chronic Progressive Nephrosis of Rats.

Common Occurrence of Urethral Cysts in Older Female Ranch Mink

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