The uremic solute indoxyl sulfate acts as an antioxidant against superoxide anion radicals under normal‐physiological conditions

Miyamoto, Yohei; Iwao, Yasunori; Tasaki, Yuka; Sato, Keizo; Ishima, Yu; Watanabe, Hiroshi; Kadowaki, Daisuke; Maruyama, Toru; Otagiri, Masaki

doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.046

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Several studies reported a positive linear correlation between IS and oxidative biomarker levels, acrolein and 8-hydroxyl-2′-deoxyguanosine, which accelerate progression of uraemia [Nakagawa et al 2006;Fujii et al 2009]. However, one needs to mention that recent literature suggests antioxidant activity of IS against hydroxyl radicals under physiological conditions [Miyamoto et al 2010].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Action Of Ast-120mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of AST-120 and protein-bound uremic toxins in irritable bowel syndrome: a therapeutic perspective

Mosińska

Storr

Fichna

2015

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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AST-120 (kremezin) exhibits its favourable effects in reducing the levels of renal toxins by selective adsorption of low molecular weight substances from the intestinal lumen. So far, a vast majority of studies were focused on the role of AST-120 in the treatment of chronic kidney diseases and cardiovascular disorders, and positive therapeutic effects of the agent have already been confirmed in clinical conditions. Up to the present, there are only a few studies regarding the role of AST-120 in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Compelling data suggest the ability of the compound to adsorb protein-bound uremic toxins and mast cell derived mediators and to modulate the farnesoid X receptor, which is a bile acid sensor indispensable for maintaining homeostasis in the intestine. In this review we focus on the actions of AST-120 on intestinal permeability, reduction of visceral sensitivity and alteration of gut motility. We also discuss whether AST-120 can mitigate common IBS symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating and malfunction of the colonic transit and thus improve the quality of life of patients with IBS.

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Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Action Of Ast-120mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of AST-120 and protein-bound uremic toxins in irritable bowel syndrome: a therapeutic perspective

Mosińska

Storr

Fichna

2015

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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“…The activity of XO was determined by monitoring the conversion of X to uric acid, according to a previous report. 17) ALP was used to confirm the positive reaction. EPR Spectroscopy Superoxide concentrations from human neutrophils were determined using EPR spin trapping with EMPO, and the scavenging activity was calculated from the relative peak intensities corresponding to the EMPO-superoxide adduct (EMPO-OOH) EPR signal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Radical Scavenging Activity of Benzbromarone Provides Beneficial Antioxidant Properties for Hyperuricemia Treatment

Kadowaki

Sakaguchi

Miyamoto

et al. 2015

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Uric acid exerts an important antioxidant effect against external oxidative stress under physiological conditions. However, uric acid itself can increase oxidative stress via reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation in adipocytes and vascular cells. Uric acid transporter 1 is involved in the generation of this oxidative stress. Furthermore, uric acid locally activates the renin-angiotensin system, thus producing angiotensin II and subsequently increasing intracellular oxidative stress. Benzbromarone has been reported to suppress uric acid reabsorption via uric acid transporter 1 inhibition in renal tubular cells. In this study we evaluated the in vitro antioxidant effect of benzbromarone from several perspectives. First, the direct radical-trapping capacity of benzbromarone was measured by chemiluminescence assay and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Second, the intracellular antioxidant activity of benzbromarone in hyperuricemia was evaluated using endothelial cells. In light of these results, benzbromarone is hypothesized directly to scavenge the superoxide anion radical. In addition, benzbromarone inhibited reactive oxygen species production that was induced by angiotensin II or uric acid in endothelial cells. These findings suggest that benzbromarone possesses the ability directly to scavenge radicals and may act as an antioxidant against uric acid and angiotensin II-induced oxidative stresses in endothelial cells at therapeutically achievable levels in blood.

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“…7) but epigallocatechin acted as a superoxide anion generator under the conditions used by Sato et al [21]. Indoxyl sulfate has been shown to be an endogenous antioxidant with superoxide anion scavenging activity generated from activated neutrophils and also it has been shown to eliminate hydroxyl radicals [22]. Catecholamines have also been shown to have a direct effect on scavenging superoxide anion radicals [23].…”

Section: Orac Mr5 Of Pure Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-radical (ORACMR5) antioxidant capacity of selected berries and effects of food processing

Prior¹,

Sintara²,

Chang³

2016

JBR

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Abstract. BACKGROUND:Fruits and berries are known to contain relatively high amounts of antioxidant/bioactive compounds. Several methods have been used for measurement of antioxidant capacity (AC), but not all methods have direct relevance to in vivo antioxidant status. OBJECTIVE: Determine AC in berry/fruit samples, processed berry products, and purified compounds by utilizing 5 different biologically relevant free radical/oxidant sources. METHODS: Samples were assayed for AC capacity using 5 different free radical/oxidant sources: peroxyl radical (ORAC), hydroxyl radical (HORAC), peroxynitrite (NORAC), superoxide anion (SORAC) and singlet oxygen (SOAC)]. Total AC (sum of AC with 5 individual radicals) was expressed as Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity using Multiple Radicals (ORAC MR5 ). RESULTS: SOAC contributed more than 60% of ORAC MR5 in blackberries, sweet and tart cherries; and no detectable levels of SOAC were found in strawberries, black currants and raspberries. Whole fruit purees of mango, wild blueberry and cherry contained 95, 85 and 67% respectively of total ORAC MR5 from SOAC. However, freeze dried wild blueberry powder from same production season had only 28% as SOAC and 42 and 22% as ORAC and HORAC. Blueberry/Pomegranate and Mango/Pineapple smoothies had 67% and 77% of ORAC MR5 as SOAC. CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidant quenching potential using 5 different radical/oxidant sources of different berries and fruits varied widely and understanding this variation may be helpful in understanding health benefits of different berries and foods.

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The uremic solute indoxyl sulfate acts as an antioxidant against superoxide anion radicals under normal‐physiological conditions

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

The role of AST-120 and protein-bound uremic toxins in irritable bowel syndrome: a therapeutic perspective

The role of AST-120 and protein-bound uremic toxins in irritable bowel syndrome: a therapeutic perspective

Direct Radical Scavenging Activity of Benzbromarone Provides Beneficial Antioxidant Properties for Hyperuricemia Treatment

Multi-radical (ORACMR5) antioxidant capacity of selected berries and effects of food processing

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