The upward trend in the immunotherapy utilization for hepatobiliary cancers

Lan, Xiao-Bu; Papatheodoridis, George; Teng, Yu‐Xian; Zhong, Jian‐Hong

doi:10.21037/hbsn-21-342

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Emerging immunotherapy, especially ICB treatment, has become an effective and promising option to treat HCC ( 28 ). However, only a portion of patients respond to immunotherapy; thus, it is important to determine which groups of patients can benefit from immunotherapy, facilitating the progress of personalized treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of immune features and immunotherapy response in subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma based on mitophagy

et al. 2022

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Mitophagy is suggested to be involved in tumor initiation and development; however, mitophagy heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its association with immune status and prognosis remain unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using expression profiles acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Mitophagy-related subtypes were identified using the ConsensusClusterPlus software. The differences in prognosis, clinical characteristics, and immune status, including immune cell infiltration, immune function, immune-checkpoint gene expression, and response to immunotherapy, were compared between subtypes. A mitophagy-related gene signature was constructed by applying least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to the TCGA cohort. The International Cancer Genome Consortium cohort and the cohort from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were utilized for validation. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone was used to induce mitophagy in HCC cell lines to obtain our own mitophagy signature. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for the experimental validation of the expression of model genes. Two mitophagy-related subtypes with distinct prognoses, clinical characteristics, immune states, and biological function patterns were identified based on the mitophagy-related DEGs. The subtype that showed higher mitophagy-related DEG expression had worse survival outcomes, suppressed immune function, higher immune-checkpoint gene expression, and a better response to immunotherapy, indicating that this subpopulation in HCC may benefit from immune-checkpoint blockade therapy and other immunotherapies. A risk model consisting of nine mitophagy-related genes was constructed and its performance was confirmed in two validation cohorts. The risk score was an independent risk factor even when age, sex, and tumor stage were considered. Our study identified two distinct mitophagy subtypes and built a mitophagy signature, uncovering mitophagy heterogeneity in HCC and its association with immune status and prognosis. These findings shed light on the treatment of HCC, especially with immunotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of immune features and immunotherapy response in subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma based on mitophagy

et al. 2022

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“…In particular, the publication of IMbrave150 (68,69) successfully broke the monopoly of sorafenib in the first-line treatment of advanced HCC. At the same time, it also certified the potential of immune combination therapy in HCC (127). However, with the increasing researches and application of combined immunotherapy in the treatment of HCC, many problems have gradually emerged and some key problems remain to be finished.…”

Section: Summary and Prospectmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Progresses and Challenges

et al. 2021

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumor in the world and its incidence is increasing in many countries. In recent years, with the deepening understanding of the immune and pathological mechanisms of HCC, immunotherapy based on the regulation of tumor immune microenvironment has become a new treatment choice for patients with HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death protein-1, programmed death protein-ligand-1, or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 are the most widely used. Instead of general immune-enhancing therapies, ICIs can reactivate anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T cell signaling. In this review, the research progress and existing problems of ICIs in the treatment of HCC in recent years are reviewed.

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“…Systemic treatments for HCC include mainly molecularly targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). 41 , 101 , 102 HCC guidelines recommend these therapies for patients with advanced HCC whose Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score is 0-1 and whose liver function is Child-Pugh grade A or B. 58 – 62 …”

Section: Systemic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Progresses and Challenges

Teng¹,

Xie²,

Guo³

et al. 2022

J Clin Transl Hepatol

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The rising global prevalence of metabolic diseases has increased the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to an increase in cases of NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To provide an updated literature review detailing epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenic pathways, and treatment strategies linked to NAFLD-related HCC, we conducted a literature search on PubMed from its inception to December 31, 2021. About 25% of the global population suffers from NAFLD. The annual incidence of HCC among NAFLD patients is approximately 1.8 per 1,000 person-years. Older age, male sex, metabolic comorbidities, unhealthy lifestyle habits (such as smoking and alcohol consumption), physical inactivity, genetic susceptibility, liver fibrosis, and degree of cirrhosis in NAFLD patients are important risk factors for NAFLD-related HCC. Therefore, low-calorie diet, moderate-intensity exercise, treatment of metabolic comorbidities, and cessation of smoking and alcohol are the main measures to prevent NAFLD-related HCC. In addition, all patients with advanced NAFLD-related fibrosis or cirrhosis should be screened for HCC. Immune suppression disorders and changes in the liver microenvironment may be the main pathogenesis of NAFLD-related HCC. Hepatic resection, liver transplantation, ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, radiotherapy, targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat NAFLD-related HCC. Lenvatinib treatment may lead to better overall survival, while immune checkpoint inhibitors may lead to worse overall survival. Given the specific risk factors for NAFLD-related HCC, primary prevention is key. Moreover, the same treatment may differ substantially in efficacy against NAFLD-related HCC than against HCC of other etiologies.

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The upward trend in the immunotherapy utilization for hepatobiliary cancers

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Characterization of immune features and immunotherapy response in subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma based on mitophagy

Characterization of immune features and immunotherapy response in subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma based on mitophagy

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Progresses and Challenges

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Progresses and Challenges

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