The uptake of dissolved organic material by the sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson) and its potential role in visceral regeneration

Lee, R.W.; Nestler, James R.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2015.04.016

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since holothurians reduce POM concentration by consumption in these tanks (SM Sadeghi-Nassaj, GL Batanero, IP Mazuecos, C Alonso, I Reche, in preparation), we think that POM disaggregation into DOM in the tank with holothurians was significantly lower than in the tank without holothurians where a relevant fraction of POM might have been converted into CDOM. In addition, recently Brothers, Lee & Nestler (2015) have demonstrated a direct uptake of free amino acids in several tissues as the respiratory trees, epidermis, and oral tentacles of a sea cucumber species ( Parastichopus californicus ) during the visceral regeneration. It is well known that amino acids such as the tyrosine and tryptophan are able to absorb light in the ultraviolet band (e.g., Catalá et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea cucumbers reduce chromophoric dissolved organic matter in aquaculture tanks

Sadeghi-Nassaj

Catalá

Álvarez³

et al. 2018

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundMono-specific aquaculture effluents contain high concentrations of nutrients and organic matter, which affect negatively the water quality of the recipient ecosystems. A fundamental feature of water quality is its transparency. The fraction of dissolved organic matter that absorbs light is named chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). A sustainable alternative to mono-specific aquaculture is the multitrophic aquaculture that includes species trophically complementary named “extractive” species that uptake the waste byproducts. Sea cucumbers are recognized as efficient extractive species due to the consumption of particulate organic matter (POM). However, the effects of sea cucumbers on CDOM are still unknown.MethodsDuring more than one year, we monitored CDOM in two big-volume tanks with different trophic structure. One of the tanks (−holothurian) only contained around 810 individuals of Anemonia sulcata, whereas the other tank (+holothurian) also included 90 individuals of Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria forskali. We routinely analyzed CDOM absorption spectra and determined quantitative (absorption coefficients at 325 nm) and qualitative (spectral slopes) optical parameters in the inlet waters, within the tanks, and in their corresponding effluents. To confirm the time-series results, we also performed three experiments. Each experiment consisted of two treatments: +holothurians (+H) and –holothurians (−H). We set up three +H tanks with 80 individuals of A. sulcata and 10 individuals of H. tubulosa in each tank and four –H tanks that contained only 80 individuals of A. sulcata.ResultsIn the time-series, absorption coefficients at 325 nm (a325) and spectral slopes from 275 to 295 nm (S275−295) were significantly lower in the effluent of the +holothurian tank (average: 0.33 m−1 and 16 µm−1, respectively) than in the effluent of the −holothurian tank (average: 0.69 m−1 and 34 µm−1, respectively), the former being similar to those found in the inlet waters (average: 0.32 m−1 and 22 µm−1, respectively). This reduction in the absorption of the dissolved organic matter appears to be mediated by the POM consumption by holothurians. The experiments confirmed the results observed in the time-series. The a325 and S275−295 values were significantly lower in the treatment with holothurians than in the treatment without holothurians indicating a reduction in the concentration of chromophoric organic compounds, particularly of low molecular weight.DiscussionConsequently, sea cucumbers appear to improve water transparency in aquaculture tanks. The underlying mechanism of this improvement might be related to the POM consumption by holothurians, which reduces the concentration of CDOM derived from POM disaggregation or to the direct assimilation of dissolved compounds of low molecular weight as chromophoric amino acids.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea cucumbers reduce chromophoric dissolved organic matter in aquaculture tanks

Sadeghi-Nassaj

Catalá

Álvarez³

et al. 2018

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another alternative (non‐exclusive) explanation for nitrogen reduction is the direct assimilation of dissolved nitrogen by symbiotic bacteria living in the sea cucumbers tissues. Recently, Brothers, Lee, and Nestler () demonstrated, using stable isotopes, the uptake of free amino acids in several tissues of the sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus . The assimilation of amino acids and other nutrients have been associated to the presence of subcuticular symbiotic bacteria in sea cucumber species such as Stichopus mollis (Lawrence, O'Toole, Taylor, & Davy, ) and deep‐sea holothurians (Robert, Billett, McCartney, & Hayes, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently,Brothers, Lee, and Nestler (2015) demonstrated, using stable isotopes, the uptake of free amino acids in several tissues of the sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus. Another alternative (non-exclusive) explanation for nitrogen reduction is the direct assimilation of dissolved nitrogen by symbiotic bacteria living in the sea cucumbers tissues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another alternative (non-exclusive) explanation for nitrogen reduction is the direct assimilation of dissolved nitrogen by symbiotic bacteria living in the sea cucumbers tissues. They can also absorb dissolved organic matter(Brothers et al, 2015;Sadeghi-Nassaj, Catalá, Álvarez, & Reche, 2018), ingest mucus aggregates and microorganisms(Navarro, García-Sanz, Barrio, & Tuya, 2013; Tamura & Tsuchia, 2011).Several authors (e.g Amon & Herndl, 1991;Coulon & Jangoux, 1993). The assimilation of amino acids and other nutrients have been associated to the presence of subcuticular symbiotic bacteria in sea cucumber species such as Stichopus mollis(Lawrence, O'Toole, Taylor, & Davy, 2010) and deep-sea holothurians(Robert, Billett, McCartney, & Hayes, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another alternative (non-exclusive) explanation for nitrogen reduction is the direct assimilation of dissolved nitrogen by symbiotic bacteria living in the sea cucumbers tissues. Recently,Brothers, Lee, and Nestler (2015) demonstrated, using stable isotopes, the uptake of free amino acids in several tissues of the sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sea cucumbers reduce nitrogen, bacteria and transparent exopolymer particles in Anemonia sulcata aquaculture tanks

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traditional aquaculture produces wastewater with high nutrient and organic matter concentrations. Poly-culture can improve this problem including "extractive species" such as sea cucumbers along with the primary species. The influence of sea cucumbers on transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) (i.e. biofilm precursors) has not been previously explored. Here, we monitored during 1 year the concentration of nutrients, total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic matter (POM), TEP, chlorophylla and bacteria in two tanks of 50,000 L. One tank only contained Anemonia sulcata, whereas the other tank also included holothurians. To complement these time-series, we performed three short-term experiments in smaller (300 L) tanks. Three tanks contained A. sulcata plus Holothuria tubulosa (+H treatment) and other four tanks contained only A. sulcata (−H treatment). In the time-series, we found that the concentration of ammonium, nitrate, TOC, POM, TEP and bacteria in the effluent of the tank with holothurians was lower than in the effluent of the tank without holothurians. The three experiments confirmed that the holothurians reduced significantly nitrates, bacterial abundance and TEP concentration. Therefore, these invertebrates can control bacterial proliferation and prevent biofilm formation minimizing likely the risk of outbreak of pathogenic bacteria and improving the hygiene of the tanks.

show abstract