The unresolved problem of the third molar

Silvestri, Anthony R.; Singh, Iqbal

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0194

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the cases for which a reduced number of teeth might be beneficial (54), the replacement of an Ala for a Pro in PAX9 codon 240, slightly decreasing the DNA-binding activity͞ stability͞mobility, might be advantageous if such a mutation had a specific effect in reducing the number of third molars. It is tempting to speculate that Pro carriers, harboring a slightly altered structure of the transcription factor PAX9, might have normal first and second molars dentition because of the putative overlapping expression of MSX1 and PAX9 during tooth development (18).…”

Section: Could the Ala240pro Mutation Be Advantageous In Humans?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the dramatic lifestyle and diet shift experienced since the discovery of fire and the development of cooking utensils, third molars, which could have been essential for the survival of earlier hominids, became not only functionless but also an important cause of morbidity for modern humans (54). Dental arches have been reduced over hominid evolution (2)(3)(4)56).…”

Section: Could the Ala240pro Mutation Be Advantageous In Humans?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, because of the difficulty of cleaning them and keeping them free of disease, impacted or malpositioned third molars lead to a higher susceptibility to periodontal disease, such as infections, carious lesions, cysts, tumors, and destruction of adjacent teeth and bone (57). These problems led some authors to raise the possibility of a complete elimination of these teeth in humans (54), and studies for intentionally stopping third molar growth for possible clinical application are being carried out (58).…”

Section: Could the Ala240pro Mutation Be Advantageous In Humans?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural selection and molecular evolution in primatePAX9gene, a major determinant of tooth development

Pereira

Salzano

Mostowska

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Large differences in relation to dental size, number, and morphology among and within modern human populations and between modern humans and other primate species have been observed. Molecular studies have demonstrated that tooth development is under strict genetic control, but, the genetic basis of primate tooth variation remains unknown. The PAX9 gene, which codes for a paired domain-containing transcription factor that plays an essential role in the development of mammal dentition, has been associated with selective tooth agenesis in humans and mice, which mainly involves the posterior teeth. To determine whether this gene is polymorphic in humans, we sequenced Ϸ2.1 kb of the entire four-exon region (exons 1, 2, 3 and 4; 1,026 bp) and exon-intron (1.1 kb) boundaries of 86 individuals sampled from Asian, European, and Native American populations. We provided evidence that human PAX9 polymorphisms are limited to exon 3 only and furnished details about the distribution of a mutation there in 350 Polish subjects. To investigate the pattern of selective pressure on exon 3, we sequenced ortholog regions of this exon in four species of New World monkeys and one gorilla. In addition, orthologous sequences of PAX9 available in public databases were also analyzed. Although several differences were identified between humans and other species, our findings support the view that strong purifying selection is acting on PAX9. New World and Old World primate lineages may, however, have different degrees of restriction for changes in this DNA region. human evolution ͉ tooth agenesis ͉ evolutionary window

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Section: Could the Ala240pro Mutation Be Advantageous In Humans?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Could the Ala240pro Mutation Be Advantageous In Humans?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Could the Ala240pro Mutation Be Advantageous In Humans?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Natural selection and molecular evolution in primatePAX9gene, a major determinant of tooth development

Pereira

Salzano

Mostowska

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Third molars are considered to have little functional value for the masticatory system and their importance for modern people is questioned (Silvestri Jr. and Singh, 2003; Pitekova & Satko, 2009). Furthermore, third molar agenesis has been considered a sign of evolution of the human species (García-Hernández et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third molar agenesis as a potential marker for craniofacial deformities

Fernandez

Pereira

Luiz

et al. 2018

Archives of Oral Biology

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The identification of clinical patterns of tooth agenesis in individuals born with craniofacial deformities may be a useful tool for risk determination of these defects. We hypothesize that specific craniofacial deformities are associated with third molar agenesis. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify if third molar agenesis could have a relation with other craniofacial structure alterations, such as cleft lip and palate, skeletal malocclusion, or specific growth patterns in humans. Design: Data were obtained from 550 individuals ascertained as part of studies aiming to identify genetic contributions to oral clefts. 831 dental records of patients aged over eight years seeking orthodontic treatment were also included. SN-GoGn angle were used to classify the growth pattern (hypo-divergent, normal and hyper-divergent), and the ANB angle was used to verify the skeletal malocclusion pattern (Class I, II and III). Panoramic radiographs were used to determine third molar agenesis. Results: A high frequency of third molar agenesis among individuals born with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (55%), as well as among their relatives (93.5%) was found. Third molar agenesis was not associated to skeletal malocclusion or growth pattern. Conclusion: It appears that third molar agenesis is associated with the disturbances that lead to cleft lip and palate.

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“…Preoperative stress and anxiety are commonly experienced by individuals scheduled for removal of their impacted third molars; one of the most frequent surgical procedures performed in the United States (1). Moderate levels of anxiety can help prepare patients for the distress of surgery; however, low levels of anxiety can leave the patient unprepared for postoperative pain and discomfort, whereas higher anxiety levels might sensitize the patient to noxious stimuli (2; 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of a Salivary Biosensor for Objective Assessment of Surgery-Related Stress

Robles

Sharma

Park

et al. 2012

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical utility of a salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) biosensor for assessing oral surgery-related stress responses and the differential effect of the personality trait of pain catastrophizing. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, cohort study of 76 healthy subjects who underwent elective removal of their third molars. Along with subjects’ self-reports of anxiety and pain, biosensor-facilitated measurements of sAA levels were obtained at multiple time points during the preoperative consult, surgery, and post-surgical follow-up visits. Additionally, subjects completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale at baseline. Mixed-effect regression models examined change in sAA and self-report ratings within and across visits, and the contribution of pain catastrophizing. RESULTS sAA levels were lower during surgery and post-surgical follow-up compared to the consult visit (p < .01). sAA decreased during the surgery visit (p < .05), and did not change during the consult or follow-up visits. Individuals who reported greater helplessness responses to pain manifested higher sAA levels during the surgery visit (p < .05). Self-reported anxiety ratings were highest during the surgery visit, and pain ratings were highest during the follow-up visit. CONCLUSION sAA did not show predicted elevations during the surgery visit compared to the consult and post-surgical follow-up visits, or increases during the surgery visit. However, individuals who reported responding to pain with helplessness had larger sAA levels in anticipation of surgery, providing proof of concept for the value of point-of-care assessments of surgery-induced stresses and the differential effect of personality traits.

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The unresolved problem of the third molar

Cited by 33 publications

References 43 publications

Natural selection and molecular evolution in primatePAX9gene, a major determinant of tooth development

Natural selection and molecular evolution in primatePAX9gene, a major determinant of tooth development

Third molar agenesis as a potential marker for craniofacial deformities

Utility of a Salivary Biosensor for Objective Assessment of Surgery-Related Stress

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