“…Hearing loss (HL) can prevent children from experiencing consistent and complete access to words in the ambient language, which may slow their development of phonological representations and/or their production accuracy (Tomblin, Oleson, Ambrose, Walker, & Moeller, 2014; von Hapsburg & Davis, 2006). Provision of early and consistent access to linguistic input is critical for promoting optimal outcomes for these children and thus has become a fundamental best-practice goal in the management of infants with HL (Bagatto et al, 2011; Sininger, Grimes, & Christensen, 2010). Two relatively recent service innovations support this goal: early identification through universal newborn hearing screening and provision of hearing aids (HAs) and/or cochlear implants at much earlier ages than in the past (Halpin, Smith, Widen, & Chertoff, 2010; Sininger et al, 2010).…”