The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Asamoah, Obed Y.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-9495-2_14

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Among studies discussing AI as a data processing technology, privacy concerns were even more prevalent, with 23 out of 25 (92%) mentioning this issue. This points to a signi cant worry across the humanitarian sector about the many ways in which personal data from affected people is being processed in a manner that may endanger their right to privacy, which is enshrined in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights [71]. Studies discuss a wide gamut of how personal privacy can be violated, including accidental or intentional sharing with third parties beyond what the affected person had agreed to during personal interviews, or if at all.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical implications related to processing of personal data and artificial intelligence in humanitarian crises: A scoping review

Kreutzer,

Orbinski,

Appel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Humanitarian organizations are rapidly expanding their use of data in the pursuit of operational gains in effectiveness and efficiency. Ethical risks, particularly from artificial intelligence (AI) data processing, are increasingly recognized yet inadequately addressed by current humanitarian data protection guidelines. This study reports on a scoping review that maps the range of ethical issues that have been raised in the academic literature regarding data processing of people affected by humanitarian crises. Methods We systematically searched databases to identify peer-reviewed studies published since 2010. Data and findings were standardized, grouping ethical issues into the value categories of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The study protocol followed Arksey and O’Malley’s approach and PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results We identified 8,387 unique records and retained 98 relevant studies. One in four (n = 25) discussed technologies related to artificial intelligence. Seven studies included an author from a lower-middle income country while none included an author from a low-income country. We identified 22 ethical issues which were then grouped along the four ethical value categories of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Slightly over half of included studies (n = 52) identified ethical issues based on real-world examples. The most-cited ethical issue (n = 74) was a concern for privacy in cases where personal or sensitive data might be inadvertently shared with third parties. The technologies most frequently discussed in these studies included social media, crowdsourcing, and mapping tools. Conclusions Studies highlight significant concerns that data processing in humanitarian contexts can cause additional harm, may not provide direct benefits, may limit affected populations’ autonomy, and can lead to the unfair distribution of scarce resources. The anticipated increase in AI tool deployment for humanitarian assistance amplifies these concerns. Urgent development of specific, comprehensive guidelines, training, and auditing methods are required to address these ethical challenges. Moreover, empirical research from low and middle-income countries, disproportionally affected by humanitarian crises, is vital to ensure inclusive and diverse perspectives. This research should focus on the ethical implications of both emerging AI systems as well as established humanitarian data management practices. Trial registration: Not applicable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical implications related to processing of personal data and artificial intelligence in humanitarian crises: A scoping review

Kreutzer,

Orbinski,

Appel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The UDHR does not mention mental health, but Article 25 says that: "Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of themselves and of their family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control" [21].…”

Section: Key Statements On Human Rights Since 1945mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero Tolerance for Coercion? Historical, Cultural and Organisational Contexts for Effective Implementation of Coercion-Free Mental Health Services around the World

Whittington,

Aluh,

Caldas-de-Almeida

2023

Healthcare

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Coercion of service users/patients when receiving care and treatment has been a serious dilemma for mental health services since at least the 18th century, and the debate about how best to minimise or even eradicate compulsion remains intense. Coercion is now, once again and rightly, at the top of the international policy agenda and the COST Action ‘FOSTREN’ is one example of a renewed commitment by service user advocates, practitioners and researchers to move forward in seriously addressing this problem. The focus of service improvement efforts has moved from pure innovation to practical implementation of effective interventions based on an understanding of the historical, cultural and political realities in which mental health services operate. These realities and their impact on the potential for change vary between countries across Europe and beyond. This article provides a novel overview by focusing on the historical, cultural and political contexts which relate to successful implementation primarily in Europe, North America and Australasia so that policy and practice in these and other regions can be adopted with an awareness of these potentially relevant factors. It also outlines some key aspects of current knowledge about the leading coercion-reduction interventions which might be considered when redesigning mental health services.

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“…Regarding the legal value of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the declaration was issued in the form of a recommendation by the United Nations General Assembly and was not issued in the form of an international treaty that restricts the member states of the United Nations or the peoples of the world who agreed on it with specific obligations, which sparked controversy and discussion about its legal value, so two trends of jurisprudence emerged in this regard, the first trend strips the declaration of any legal value as general principles issued in the form of a recommendation and therefore has no binding character, and, As for the second trend, it was argued that the declaration has a mandatory force lower than that of the treaty, but higher than that of the recommendation. (17) The researcher believes that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has the same legal force as the Charter of the United Nations, as Article 56 of the charter obliges the member states of the United Nations to do individually or collectively what they must do in cooperation with the United Nations to realize the purposes set out in Article 55 of…”

Section: Second: the Universal Declaration Of Human Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Human Rights

Issa

2023

IJRSSH

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In times of emergency, it is often necessary to take exceptional and temporary measures to confront the situation while still respecting human dignity. The Covid-19 pandemic is a prime example of such an emergency, requiring all countries to take necessary measures to limit and combat its spread. While the measures taken to combat the pandemic are crucial, they have also had a significant impact on human rights. The restrictions placed on these rights raise questions about their legality, the conditions under which they can be imposed, and the need to apply them without discrimination or arbitrariness. It is important to ensure that these measures never violate certain fundamental human rights, including the right to life. In this context, it is essential to adhere to human rights principles and international law. Any restrictions placed on human rights must be based on clear and specific legal provisions, meet the criteria of necessity and proportionality, and be subject to regular review to ensure that they remain necessary and proportionate. As we continue to navigate the Covid-19 pandemic, we must remain vigilant in protecting human rights while also taking necessary measures to limit its spread.

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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Ethical implications related to processing of personal data and artificial intelligence in humanitarian crises: A scoping review

Ethical implications related to processing of personal data and artificial intelligence in humanitarian crises: A scoping review

Zero Tolerance for Coercion? Historical, Cultural and Organisational Contexts for Effective Implementation of Coercion-Free Mental Health Services around the World

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Human Rights

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