The United States and Imperialism

Ninkovich, Frank

doi:10.1002/9780470999042.ch6

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although much discourse continues to focus on this bipolar division between Indians and whites, the racial diversity of the West was more complex than often portrayed, and there existed a racial mixture at least equal to the diversity of the northeastern cities. For example, from the mid‐nineteenth century Chinese immigration had been encouraged to provide cheap labor for the construction of railways, such as the Central Pacific Railroad (Limerick 1987, 264–66; Ninkovich 2001). Initially perceived as an economic benefit in the West, by the 1880s white westerners increasingly viewed the growing Chinese population in a negative light, resulting in the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act (Limerick 1987, 264).…”

Section: Assimilation or Racial Decline?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Moral Geographies: W. Z. Ripley's Races of Europe and the United States

Winlow

2006

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Racia and anthropometric cartography produced and reinforced biological, intellectual, and moral hierarchies and was situated within wider scientific racial discourses of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The practice of mapping “race” based on the widespread collection of anthropometric measurements occupied both European and New World anthropologists and geographers. My discussion centers on the work of American economist and anthropogeographer, W. Z. Ripley, who in 1899 published a widely acclaimed text on The Races of Europe. This work is contextualized and informed both by Victorian obsessions with categorizing racial hierarchies and by specifically American racial discourses that included concerns over increasing immigration from southern and eastern Europe and the threat immigration posed to the Anglo‐Saxon ruling elite. Using the conceptual framework developed by J. B. Harley and other recent contributions to critical cartography, this article focuses on Ripley's use of cartographic images to support his tripartite racial scheme for Europe, and explores his projection of a “moral geography” onto European and, in turn, American landscapes and populations. Central to this analysis are the links between anthropogeography, environmentalism, heredity, and American immigration, all key elements in Ripley's racial science.

show abstract

Section: Assimilation or Racial Decline?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Moral Geographies: W. Z. Ripley's Races of Europe and the United States

Winlow

2006

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Historians have not been able to enumerate the exact death toll number of civilian—Paul Kramer declares the estimates of 250,000 to be “conservative” (Brands, , pp. 55—58; Kramer, , p. 157), and other counts resulted in 700,000 deaths (Ninkovich, , pp. 51f.).…”

Section: Peace Corps Training As a Cold War Scientific Experiments Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

The creation of a postcolonial subject: The Chicago and Ateneo de Manila schools and the Peace Corps in the Philippines, 1960–1970

Wirth

2018

J History Behavioral Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of course, once elevated, a Mission may take on a life of its own, and drive on further expansion. Some have seen U.S. expansion as being especially driven by missionary “Wilsonian” values, usually liberal, though today perceived as conservative (e.g., Ninkovich 1999, 2001; Mead 2001). Is this claim to American exceptionalism valid?…”

Section: Concepts and Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

American Empires: Past and Present^*

Mann

2008

Canadian Review of Sociology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

L'auteur établit une typologie des empires. Qu'ils soient «directs» ou «indirects», les empires possèdent nécessairement des colonies. Ce n'est pas le cas des empires «informels», mais ceux–ci peuvent être divisés en trois sous‐types: les empires «canonniers», «mandataires» et d' «ajustement structurel», à quoi s'ajoute «hégémoniques» comme type de domination non impérial, chaque type tendant à présenter une forme de règles plus douces que le précédent. Les vrais empires sont constitués de différents assortiments de ces règles et, à mesure qu'ils vieillissent, elles tendent à s'alléger. C'est pour cette raison que l'empire américain n'a pas eu de véritable colonie depuis le début du XXe siècle et que des formes plus modérées d'empires informels, après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, se sont alliées à l'hégémonie. Pourtant, les années 1970 ont connu un plus grand ajustement structurel de l'impérialisme américain alors que les années 1990 et 2000 ont fait face à une tentative d'établissement d'un empire américain canonnier à grande échelle. L'échec de celui‐ci menace présentement l'impérialisme américain en général. This paper lays out a typology of empires. “Direct” and “indirect” empires involve colonies. “Informal” empire does not, but can be divided into three subtypes, “gunboats,”“proxies,” and “structural adjustment.”“Hegemony” is added as a nonimperial type of domination. Each tends to be a lighter form of rule than the preceding one. Real empires contain varying mixtures of these and as they age, their rule tends to lighten. Thus in the American empire, there have been no real colonies since the beginning of the twentieth century, and after World War II milder forms of informal empire were blended with hegemony. Yet the 1970s saw an increase in American structural adjustment imperialism, while the 1990s and the 2000s saw an attempt at large‐scale American gunboat empire. The failure of the latter is now threatening American imperialism more generally.

show abstract

The United States and Imperialism

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Mapping Moral Geographies: W. Z. Ripley's Races of Europe and the United States

Mapping Moral Geographies: W. Z. Ripley's Races of Europe and the United States

The creation of a postcolonial subject: The Chicago and Ateneo de Manila schools and the Peace Corps in the Philippines, 1960–1970

American Empires: Past and Present^*

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The United States and Imperialism

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Mapping Moral Geographies: W. Z. Ripley's Races of Europe and the United States

Mapping Moral Geographies: W. Z. Ripley's Races of Europe and the United States

The creation of a postcolonial subject: The Chicago and Ateneo de Manila schools and the Peace Corps in the Philippines, 1960–1970

American Empires: Past and Present*

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

American Empires: Past and Present^*