The United States and Africa: Shifting Geopolitics in an ?Age of Terror?

Terror in the backyard: Domestic terrorism in Africa and its impact on human rights

“…It is notable that the underlying causes of terrorism are diverse, with the only commonality being that individuals who are frustrated with the status quo employ a campaign of systematic violence (often against civilian targets) in order to put pressure on the government of the day to succumb to their demands. For a brief useful discussion of the underlying reasons for terrorism in Africa see Botha (2008:10-14 Kraxberger (2005); see also Bascombe (2004); Mulama (2004); Lumina (2007); ICLMG (2005). 9 In October 2001, Amnesty International (2001) raised the concern that: 'In the name of fi ghting "international terrorism", governments have rushed to introduce draconian measures that threaten the human rights of their own citizens, immigrants and refugees … Governments have a duty to ensure the safety of their citizens, but measures taken must not undermine fundamental human rights.'…”

Environmental Change and Human Security: Recognizing and Acting on Hazard Impacts

“…And we must do so for the cold, hard reason that to do otherwise, we are going to place our national security at further and more permanent risk. (Kraxberger, 2005) But to drain the swamps, we must understand the security environment from the individual's point of view. Nothing seemed to put the desperate situation in Niger in as sharp a focus as the food crisis of 2005.…”

The New Age of Security: Implications for refugees and internally displaced persons in the Horn of Africa

“…The 'war on terror,' and terror on civilians in Somalia America's involvement in the conflict in the Horn of Africa is an extension of its global war on terror in Iraq, Afghanistan as well as other regions around the globe (Lyman and Morrison, 2004;Kraxberger, 2005). Fear that Al-Qaida and other terrorist groups will spread to conflict zones where weak states or failed states are in place facilitates the rationales for America's direct and indirect involvement in the politics of these regions.…”